北京市延庆区都市型现代农业发展路径研究

推进城郊都市现代农业发展是我国加快转变农业发展方式、提升农产品竞争力、促使农民增收和推进城乡一体化的战略举措。在乡村振兴战略实施的背景下之下,为推动北京市延庆区农业转型升级,推进乡村产业高质量发展,需要系统分析该区都市现代农业新时期发展路径。以延庆区为研究对象,通过分析农业产业布局、农产品结构特点和产业融合程度,剖析延庆区都市农业发展中存在的问题。提出了延庆区都市型现代农业发展的路径和对策建议,通过统筹利用资源优势、鼓励培养新型农民、丰富产业融合发展内涵,推动延庆实现农业可持续发展,并且让农民在产业链增值过程中受益。     

农产品特征、企业特征与消费者品牌忠诚度研究——以山东省为例

消费者品牌忠诚度可提升农产品企业在市场中的核心竞争力,通过研究山东省613个消费者样本数据,构建“网站特征—农产品特征—企业特征”三维分析框架,对互联网背景下消费者农产品品牌忠诚度影响因素进行实证分析。结果表明互联网背景下农产品特征和企业特征对消费者农产品品牌忠诚度影响显著。此外,消费者特征中婚姻状况、收入因素及学历也有显著影响。在研究结论的基础上提出了相应对策建议,为农产品企业品牌决策提供一定参考。     

财政投入和金融支持对农民农业增收贡献的比较

基于2000～2013年省级面板数据,运用固定效应模型和分位数回归模型考察了财政投入和金融支持对提升农民农业收入的影响,并采用因素分解法比较两者对农民农业增收的贡献大小,继而通过两步固定效应回归、分组回归和替换变量回归三种方式检验结果的稳健性,均得出一致结果,即财政投入和金融支持均促进农业增收,其中财政投入贡献更大,此外大规模的土地投入和完善的基础设施建设也有利于农业收入提高.     

Revealing the willingness to pay for income insurance in agriculture

In spite of its minor and decreasing share in EU GDP, agriculture still plays a fundamental and strategic role in the economy. This is why EU institutions have supported for decades a series of policies to guarantee a stable agricultural income, including insurance. With different degrees of public support, insurance policies covering an increasing number of risks have been developed across the EU. Eventually, EU institutions have started to encourage the development of income insurance. Income insurance covers more risks and has higher uncertainty and costs than conventional single risk or combined yield insurance. Assessing and enhancing the viability of income insurance demands an in depth knowledge of farmers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for this product. This study develops a methodology to calculate the WTP for different degrees of income protection using a revealed preference model and the certainty equivalent theory. The methodology is applied in a drought prone area in southeastern Spain. Results show that WTP for income insurance in the area is higher than observed insurance premiums. This may play in favor of the development of more comprehensive income insurance systems.     

甘肃省特色农产品品牌推广策略——以甘肃省苹果品牌为例

农产品品牌建设对促进农民增收、提高农产品市场竞争力、避免农产品市场交易失败、优化配置地区农业资源具有重要的作用。甘肃省有着丰富的、具有优势的特色农产品资源,却缺乏在全国范围内响当当的农产品品牌,特色农产品品牌推广严重滞后于农业产业发展的要求。以甘肃省苹果品牌为例,通过分析问卷调查结果得出甘肃省苹果品牌市场现状,最终提出甘肃省苹果品牌推广策略。     

Sustainable crop production intensification in the Senegal and Niger River basins of francophone West Africa

This paper reports on how the farmer field school (FFS) approach has been used to successfully catalyse important changes among stakeholders in the savannah zones of West Africa. Improved agronomic practices, better decision-making skills and diversification of smallholder farms in developing countries are shown to provide farmers the opportunity to rebuild soil fertility, optimize input use and introduce new sources of food and nutrition and marketable products for local populations. This is a knowledge-intensive endeavour best addressed through community-based processes of education. By the end of 2010, approximately 116,000 rice, vegetable, cotton and other farmers would have been involved in season-long FFS in four West African countries, resulting in improved yields and incomes and ushering substantial progress in both reducing the use of chemical pesticides and improving the use of fertilizers and organic amendments. The programme is increasingly being successfully integrated into local, provincial and national structures. Experienced personnel are being employed to initiate similar programmes in nearby countries. The evolving network of experienced actors and committed countries provides a platform for collaboration by a growing set of partners and represents a large-scale, long-term programmatic approach to helping sustainably intensify and develop agriculture in Africa.     

试论西汉农业政策的调整

西汉王朝奉行“以农为本”的基本国策，随着社会状况的改变，农业政策的导向也在做着不断调整。西汉初年，针对流民众多、农业劳动力匮乏的状况，主要采取罢兵革、复田宅、赐爵授田、与民休息等措施保障足够数量的劳动力以恢复农业生产；中期，在连年用兵、国库亏空严重的窘况下，通过更新铁制农具、提高耕作技术等方式提升农业生产率，维持农业的发展；晚期，土地兼并集中的矛盾日益尖锐，政策上以缓和土地兼并为主导。     

市场拉起了产业,产业助推了经济——黑龙江省“黑白特色产业”发展给予我们的启示（再议加快农产品流通体系建设问题）

黑龙江省农业经济进入新的历史阶段以后,存在的主要问题是农业大省尚未成为农业强省,农民收入的增长并非来自于农业的丰收,相反,在农民现金收入中出售产品的现金收入以及农民纯收入中家庭经营收入所占的比重呈现下降趋势。其原因并不是黑龙江省的农产品质量不行,而是在于长期困扰着农村经济与农业产业化发展的问题尚未得到有效解决。突出表现是小生产与大市场之间的矛盾仍很突出;缺少大型农产品加工销售企业;农产品经营的各利益主体之间尚未真正形成长期稳定的利益联结机制。黑龙江省应从黑木耳、白瓜子这两个特色产业的发展中汲取经验,大力发展农产品市场,以市场拉动产业,以产业助推经济发展。     

价值工程理论在水稻抛秧机研制上的应用

在2ZPY—8水稻抛秧机的研制过程中,应用价值工程原理对其零部件进行了优化设计,各零部件在保证产品功能的前提下,获得更为合理的成本分配比例,使设计更为合理。