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991.
992.
论第三方物流的经济性 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
第三方物流是一种专业化的物流组织,具有很强的经济性。随着第三方物流的发展,它的经济性会发挥的更加充分。第三方物流的经济性,主要包括规模经济性,价值创新性和外部经济性。规模经济性是它的基本特征,价值创新性是它的功能特性,而外部经济性则是它的社会效益的表现。全面理解第三方物流的经济性,有利于企业进行科学的物流决策,有利于政府制定有效的物流发展战略。 相似文献
993.
Abstract. Researchers have used stylized facts on asset prices and trading volume in stock markets (in particular, the mean reversion
of asset returns and the correlations between trading volume, price changes and price levels) to support theories where agents
are not rational expected utility maximizers. This paper shows that this empirical evidence is in fact consistent with a standard
infinite horizon – perfect information – expected utility economy where some agents face leverage constraints similar to those
found in todays financial markets. In addition, and in sharp contrast to the theories above, we explain some qualitative differences
that are observed in the price-volume relation on stock and on futures markets.
We consider a continuous-time economy where agents maximize the integral of their discounted utility from consumption under
both budget and leverage constraints. Building on the work by Vila and Zariphopoulou (1997), we find a closed form solution,
up to a negative constant, for the equilibrium prices and demands in the region of the state space where the constraint is
non-binding. We show that, at the equilibrium, stock holdings volatility as well as its ratio to stock price volatility are
increasing functions of the stock price and interpret this finding in terms of the price-volume relation.
We would like to thank the editor and two anonimous referees for valuable substantive comments. Our gratitude also to Franklin
Allen, Kerry Back, Domenico Cuoco, Xavier Freixas, Sanford Grossman, Michel Habib, Lutz Hendricks, Richard Kihlstrom, Fernando
Restoy, Mary Thomson, Jean-Luc Vila, participants to seminars at Birkbeck College, Carnegie-Mellon, Columbia, ESSEC, HEC,
IAE, INSEAD, London Business School, London School of Economics, McGill, Michigan, National University of Singapore, Pompeu
Fabra, North Carolina, Washington-St-Louis, Wharton, the Jornadas de Economía Financiera BBV, and the Meetings of the Society
for Economic Dynamics and Control and the American Finance Association. Special thanks are due to Süleyman Basak for his enthusiastic
support and many helpful suggestions. The usual disclaimer applies. We gratefully acknowledge the support of the BBV and Caja
de Madrid Foundations and CREF (both authors) and of the Spanish Ministry of Education under DGICYT grant no. PB93-0388 (first
author). 相似文献
994.
The emergence of a legally constituted State in 16th century western societies represents the final lap of a process extending the sphere of the indivudal freedoms necessary for the emergence of the market order. A peculiar stage of this process came in the form of guilds. They materialised into a need for emancipation from the values of the archaic society and became the keepers of a peace and a justice on the market by ensuring the respect of new rules of conduct (1). This analysis of the behaviour of craft guilds will illustrate the question of the possibility of rational economic activity in medieval society (2). 相似文献
995.
Joaquim Silvestre 《Economic Theory》2002,20(2):413-425
Summary. Starr (1973) showed that, if people have different subjective probabilities, ex ante and ex post efficiency conflict. Conversely, under the simple preferences that he considered, the discrepancy between ex ante and ex post efficiency disappears when subjective probabilities are identical. Here I consider identical subjective probabilities, but
more general preferences. First, risk attraction is admitted. Second, I dispense with the double requirement (dubbed IZU)
of additive separability and state-independence of the utility of zero-date consumption, an unrealistic requirement when modeling
the investment in durable goods. I find that, under IZU, and as long as ex post preferences satisfy the natural assumption of quasiconcavity (and satisfy some technical qualifications), an ex ante efficient allocation is indeed ex post efficient, but the converse is not necessarily true under risk attraction. If, on the other hand, IZU is violated, then one
can have ex ante efficient allocations that are not ex post efficient, and vice-versa, even under risk aversion.
Received: June 25, 1999; revised version: March 2001 相似文献
996.
James S. Weber 《Economic Theory》2002,20(2):341-355
Summary. This paper presents a general procedure for finding profiles with the minimum number of voters required for many important
paradoxes. Borda's and Condorcet's classic examples are revisited as well as generalizations. Using Saari's procedure line,
we obtain an upper bound for the minimum number of voters needed for a profile for which the Condorcet winner is not strictly
top ranked for all weighted positional procedures. Also we give a simple upper bound on the minimum number of voters needed for a set of prescribed voting outcomes. In contrast to situations wherein small numbers of voters are needed, we consider paradoxes
requiring arbitrarily large numbers of voters as well as large numbers of alternatives. Finally we indicate connections with
statistical rank based tests.
Received: April 18, 2001; revised version: May 25, 2001 相似文献
997.
Somdeb Lahiri 《Economic Theory》2002,19(2):429-434
The lexicographic composition of reflexive and complete binary relations (which are often called abstract games) is studied.
The necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained for a lexicographic composition of quasi transitive relations to be quasi
transitive.The case of acyclicity of lexicographic composition of two relations is also investigated.
Received: September 25, 2000; revised version: November 28, 2000 相似文献
998.
We consider whether oil prices can account for business cycle asymmetries. We test for asymmetries based on the Markov switching
autoregressive model popularized by Hamilton (1989), using the tests devised by Clements and Krolzig (2000). We find evidence
against the conventional wisdom that recessions are more violent than expansions: while some part of the downturn in economic
activity that characterises recessionary periods can be attributed to dramatic changes in the price of oil, post-War US economic
growth is characterized by the steepness of expansions.
First Version Received: December 2000/Final Version Received: September 2001 相似文献
999.
We compare a number of models of post War US output growth in terms of the degree and pattern of non-linearity they impart
to the conditional mean, where we condition on either the previous period's growth rate, or the previous two periods' growth
rates. The conditional means are estimated non-parametrically using a nearest-neighbour technique on data simulated from the
models. In this way, we condense the complex, dynamic, responses that may be present in to graphical displays of the implied
conditional mean.
First version received: Feb. 1999/Final version received: June 2001 相似文献
1000.
四川民营企业融资结构的优化 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文主要从四川民营企业的外部视角,即从影响其融资结构形成的政府和金融中介组织的行为优化角度,分析探讨政府与金融机构在四川民营企业扩大融资渠道、调整融资方式和克服融资障碍方面所能提供的支持服务,以及在营造有利于改善四川民营企业融资结构的外部环境方面的努力方向与可行措施。 相似文献