The Use of Prior Information in Very Robust Regression for Fraud Detection

Misinvoicing is a major tool in fraud including money laundering. We develop a method of detecting the patterns of outliers that indicate systematic mis‐pricing. As the data only become available year by year, we develop a combination of very robust regression and the use of ‘cleaned’ prior information from earlier years, which leads to early and sharp indication of potentially fraudulent activity that can be passed to legal agencies to institute prosecution. As an example, we use yearly imports of a specific seafood into the European Union. This is only one of over one million annual data sets, each of which can currently potentially contain 336 observations. We provide a solution to the resulting big data problem, which requires analysis with the minimum of human intervention.     

The role of customer management capabilities in public–private partnerships

Commercial organisations are increasingly asked to perform tasks traditionally associated with governmental bodies, such as law enforcement. The rationale for these public–private partnerships is that there are synergies between traditional business skills and those required to achieve certain societal goals. However, there is a lack of research into whether this is, indeed, the case. This paper addresses this gap by investigating one particular type of public–private partnership: anti-money laundering (AML). The study explores the potential synergies between customer relationship management (CRM) and those required for AML. A quantitative survey-based approach is used to identify the overlaps and connections between these two areas of competence. The findings reveal tensions between financial institutions’ dual roles as both commercial organisations and players in the battle against money laundering. The consequences for these firms are explored, and the wider implications for other organisations supplying non-commercial services to government are considered.     

浅析提高我国银行反洗钱工作的有效性

从正式实施反洗钱法以来,我国的反洗钱工作取得了重大进展,但仍存在很多不足。应从完善银行反洗钱内控制度、实施激励和约束双重机制、落实KYC政策、加强培养反洗钱人才和建立并完善银行及银行间信息共享机制等方面来提高我国银行反洗钱工作的有效性。     

我国预付卡反洗钱监管模式研究

预付卡能够减少现金使用、为公众支付结算提供方便,但由于持卡消费的匿名性、便利性特征,也给违法犯罪分子提供了可乘之机。随着预付卡市场的快速发展,利用预付卡非实名、流通领域广、现金替代性强等特性,将其作为转移资金替代工具的现象有所抬头。本文就如何加强预付卡反洗钱监管进行了探讨,并提出相关政策建议。     

Money Laundering as a Crime in the Financial Sector: A New Approach to Quantitative Assessment,with an Application to Italy

This study provides an answer to the question of how much cash deposited via a financial institution can be traced back to criminal activities, by developing a new approach to measure money laundering and proposing an application to Italy. We define a model of cash in‐flows on current accounts considering, besides “dirty money” to be laundered, also the legal motivations to deposit cash and the role of the shadow economy. We find that the average amount of cash laundered in Italy is around 6% of GDP. These findings are coherent with estimates of the nonobserved economy obtained in previous studies.     

反洗钱的现状与对策研究

作为一种犯罪活动，洗钱早就引起了世界的忧虑。本文对洗钱的定义、特点、手段、危害以及反洗钱的国际经验进行论述，并对我国反洗钱所面临的问题及对策进行探讨。     

具有中国特色的反洗钱金融监管模式和原则研究

我国反洗钱金融监管面临的突出问题，反映在银监会成立后，央行职能发生重大转变之时，我国金融业分业监管的新框架下，反洗钱监管模式模糊，定位不准，我国对金融机构反洗钱监管缺乏通盘考虑，没有确立一整套反洗钱金融监管原贝口指导监督金融机构进行反洗钱。因此，急需借鉴国际成熟经验和结合我国实际，与时俱进，积极建立有中国特色的反洗钱监管模式和原则。     

洗钱犯罪防治对策探讨

加入WTO后,中国金融体制必将逐步开放,一些跨国犯罪集团利用中国经济发展迅速而法律尚不够健全的特点,乘机向我国渗透,与国内犯罪交叉融合,将中国作为他们洗钱的新据点,使中国洗钱犯罪呈上升趋势。洗钱犯罪因其具有的专业性、集团性、跨国性的特点,因此,在反洗钱过程中,不仅要     

Reducing laundering frequency to prolong the life of denim jeans

The use and disposal phase in a garment's life cycle is highly dependent on the choices made by the consumer. Maintenance procedures such as laundering and drying require energy and water use. Garment disposal increases waste in landfill sites, unless incinerated, which can take a toll on the environment through greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, encouraging consumers to launder less frequently and finding ways to extend the useful life of clothing are two ways of increasing sustainability within the clothing industry. Denim jeans are one of the most popular items of clothing worldwide. Changing habits such as reducing the frequency with which a person washes their denim jeans could have a positive impact on the environment through less water and energy use. However, environmental knowledge about what is detrimental to the environment may not necessarily lead to pro‐environmental behaviour. In denim jeans fibre loss results in thinning and loss in colour due to use. Laundering in particular can degrade clothing due to the abrasive forces applied to the surface of wet fibres. Therefore, this study highlights the effect that frequent laundering can have on the degradation of jeans with the aim to provide additional motivation to encourage change in consumers’ laundering habits. Consumers wore jeans for the equivalent of 60 days and either washed their jeans after approximately 2 days of wear or after approximately every 20 days of wear. The findings confirmed that frequent laundering reduced mass, increased colour loss, and reduced tensile strength in the warp direction of the fabric. Although washing is a major contributor to the degradation of jeans, the process of wearing denim jeans also naturally degrades the denim as the thigh region of the jeans showed greater colour loss and reduction in tensile strength than the shin region, which is typically less prone to abrasion through wear. The findings from this study provide compelling evidence to encourage consumers to reconsider their laundering habits in terms of wash frequency as both a means to behave in a more environmentally sustainable way, and to preserve their favourite garments.