Exploring job crafting: Diagnosing and responding to the ways employees adjust their jobs

Recent research has developed an in-depth understanding of how workers change their jobs on their own to improve their performance and well-being, a process called job crafting. This research suggests that managers, coworkers, and organizations need a better understanding of how to manage job crafting to capitalize on its benefits and reduce costs. This article will help organizations diagnose the occurrence of job crafting, recognize the differences between goal-oriented approaches to job crafting as opposed to withdrawal-oriented avoidance job crafting, and identify the seven specific types of job crafting: work role expansion, social expansion, work role reduction, work organization, adoption, metacognition, and withdrawal. We conclude with recommendations for managers, coworkers, and organizations on how to diagnose and manage job crafting.     

稳定配置的理论与市场设计的实践——2012年诺贝尔经济学奖评介

埃尔文·罗斯和劳埃德·沙普利因为在＂稳定配置的理论和市场设计的实践＂研究方面所做的突出贡献而获得2012年诺贝尔经济学奖。本文分析了两位学者获奖的理论背景,介绍了稳定匹配和市场设计两个领域的理论演进与实践应用,并进行了若干有针对性的评析。本文认为,这两位学者的贡献直接推动了大量重要的现实市场的成功再设计,该领域在未来将会持续成长并拥有广阔前景,国内研究人员有必要加强跟踪和学习。     

再论我国国际贸易学阐述体系的若干缺失——一个简明的实例分析

从本文所选的60个样本来看,我国国际贸易学阐述体系存在着如下的明显缺失:(1)国际贸易政策阐述不当的问题相当严重;(2)不能弘扬正确经济理念的现象比较广泛;(3)国际贸易理论梳理依然存在一些共同不足;(4)国际贸易环境分析还有待进一步深化;(5)经济实践所急需的知识增补相当薄弱。因此,现在是认真变革我国国际贸易学阐述体系的时候了。     

捐赠行为、政府干预与代理效率

本文分析了公司捐赠行为对代理效率的作用机理,发现捐赠支出越多越能缓解现金流用于管理者利己效用支出,代理效率越高、政府干预越少则市场化进程更高、代理效率越高;比较而言,政府干预少的地区企业捐赠支出更能提高代理效率,衰退期行业中同样的捐赠支出提升代理效率的功效有限;规模较小组中捐赠行为更容易被市场识别,规模较大组中捐赠行为更多地被视为一种社会责任。因此,捐赠支出有助于缓解自由现金流代理成本,有助于公司代理效率的改善;现实中捐赠减少现金流的同时提高了公司的代理效率和声誉,利于当前或未来公司价值的提升。     

城市居民游憩行为时空特征调查研究——以南京为例

满足市民利用闲暇时间放松身心的游憩需求,不仅仅是市民个人的问题,更关系到城市发展问题。从南京市民角度看,参与游憩的欲望与程度取决于市民个体的身体及收入状况、游憩地类型、距离因素等;从时空特征角度看,市民游憩时间与闲暇时间呈正相关,而在空间上则表现出距离衰减规律;从游憩地条件看,游憩设施吸引力有限、消费太高、服务有待完善、交通不够便捷等问题已成为市民参与游憩的障碍。政府部门应加强对市民游憩观念的引导,更应加大投入力度,强化基础设施及游憩功能建设,着力解决诸如公共交通、环境保护等问题,推进游憩资源整合,不断完善游憩服务与产品,提升公共服务能力。     

基于市场预期行为的货币政策透明度检验

通过考察金融市场参与者的行为变化或分析市场利率在政策公告后的变化趋势,可以间接对货币政策透明度进行度量;利用相应的货币政策透明度检验模型和我国金融市场的利率数据进行检验,可知我国中央银行在基准利率调整和准备金率改变等重大的政策决策上,货币当局更倾向于采用模糊的政策操作方式,由此会导致市场预期的混乱,并最终对政策实施效果产生负面影响,因此,我国有必要借鉴西方国家的政策操作经验,进一步增加政策操作方面的透明度,并借以最终建立一个简单透明、效率更高的政策调控框架。     

A Model of Household Grocery Shopping Behavior

The shopping trip to the grocery store is one of the most basic elements of consumer behavior. The authors seek to provide an understanding of the factors that account for variations in shopping behavior across households. They present a model of shopping behavior that assumes that households seek to minimize the travel cost associated with shopping and the cost of holding goods in inventory. As in the classic EOQ model, observed shopping behavior reflects the manner in which households balance these costs while meeting their consumption needs. A number of propositions derived from the model are tested using data on shopping trips made by households over a one-year period. The results support the model and indicate that the relationship between household characteristics and shopping behavior can be fairly complex: for some households shopping may have a recreational aspect while for others it may compete directly with wage-earning activity.     

我国汽车产业组织结构调整与规模经济

世界汽车产业的发展是伴随着企业规模的不断扩张与生产的不断集中过程。我国汽车产业组织结构调整的出发点也是基于追求规模经济的原理。然而获得规模经济单纯通过扩大企业的组织规模与生产规模是无法实现的,优化生产和经营的规模是企业成长有效途径。     

驰名商标权人责任承担的法经济学思考

驰名商标的保护源于《保护工业产权巴黎公约》,之后各国对驰名商标进行专门保护,《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》更是为驰名商标提供了全面、广泛的保护,并要求各国法律对驰名商标提供特殊保护。很显然,按照权利与义务对等的法律原则,享受特殊保护的驰名商标权利人,是否应当承担较普通商标权人更多的义务。     

Income thresholds of dissaving in Germany: empirical evidence from the recent sample survey of income and expenditure (EVS 2008)

Saving of private households monotonically increases with income. If the regression lines, which represent the ‘demand for saving’, assume negative values, saving turns into dissaving, i.e. dissolving assets or going into debt. The zeros of the demand functions for saving are called ‘dissaving thresholds’. Dissaving thresholds for Germany are determined econometrically using the Sample Survey of Income and Expenditure. Dissaving thresholds turn out to be far higher than social assistance amounts. Implications for economic, social and consumer policy in Germany are discussed.