Knowledge as a Path-Dependence Process

By following a new approach proposed by Cognitive and Neuroeconomics, this paper presents and extends that part of Hayek's theory concerning knowledge in path-dependent terms, and shows that this is a fertile theory, opening new lines of inquiry for contemporary economics. In his theory of knowledge Hayek shows that the dynamics of economic change is path-dependent, in a different and more profound way than in the rest of the path-dependent literature. This literature deals with an important controversy, which will be also discussed and its specific and original meaning will be highlighted. As it will emerge, knowledge as a path-dependent process is consistent with cognitive theories of perception and learning and it plays a more important role than is traditionally assumed. Path-dependence is in fact always present in the cognitive dimension of perception and in individual decision-making processes, as well as in the processes of organizational innovation, and even in the macro-dimension of institutional change. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Labor Mobility and East Asian Integration

East Asian economic integration is commonly analyzed in the context of trade in goods and services and capital flows, while labor flows have been very much neglected. Yet labor flows in the region are rapidly growing, given the diversity in levels of economic development, employment opportunities and wage levels, and the existence of labor surplus and deficit countries. Labor migration poses more benefits than costs for both sending and receiving countries, but there are more sensitivities toward labor flows than trade and capital flows. The characteristics and government policies are different for the unskilled and semiskilled foreign workers and for the professionals and highly skilled. Regional cooperation among countries is needed to manage the flows, reduce the incidence of illegal and undocumented workers, reduce the transaction costs of migration, and protect the rights of these workers.     

如何解决我国人才流失的问题

随着我国社会主义市场经济的完善和国有企业的改革,人才流失现象在目前有愈演愈烈的趋势。人才流失问题解决得如何将影响到企业发展的成败,关系到社会的稳定。因此,解决我国企业人才流失的问题,已经成为我国每个管理者面前的重要课题。     

Sharing the Spoils: Taxing International Human Capital Flows

This paper argues that cross-border human capital flows from developing countries to developed countries over the next half-century will demand a new set of policy responses from developing countries. The paper examines the forces that are making immigration policies more skill-focused, the effect of both flows (emigration) and stocks (diasporas) on the source countries, and the range of taxation instruments available to source countries to manage the consequences of those flows. This paper emphasizes the example of India, a large source country for human capital flows, and the United States, an important destination for these human capital flows and an example of how a country can tax its citizens abroad. In combination, these examples point to the significant advantage to developing countries of potential tax schemes for managing the flows and stocks of citizens who reside abroad. Finally, this paper concludes with a research agenda for the many questions raised by the prospect of large flows of skilled workers and the policy alternatives, including tax instruments, available to source countries.     

Making economic sense of brain models: a survey and interpretation of the literature

Neuroeconomics draws attention to motive forces that are ignored in the standard framework of economic theory. The present paper develops a conceptual approach that, similar to Pennings et al. (Journal of Bioeconomics 7: 113–127, 2005), tackles the issues at the systemic level by analyzing and modeling the brain processes that decide on behavior. It takes as the basic unit of analysis potential stimulus-response actions which—when selected—become actual behavior. The objective of these potential stimulus-response actions is to increase utility. At any moment of time, several of these potential actions compete with each other for the privilege of becoming actual behavior. This competition can be modeled on the basis of economic principles. The behavior that materializes may cover the range from the rational to the foolish, depending on which of the potential responses gathers the greatest emotional strength. The emotional strength of a potential response, in turn, is determined by the individual’s past experience and her capacity for rational action. Given that the objective is always to increase utility, it can normally be expected that the more or less rational dominates the foolish, but this need not always be the case. Which potential actions become behavior in a concrete instance is decided by a mechanism implemented by the basal ganglia, a structure in the brain serving as the action selection mechanism. The insights provided by this approach afford coherent explanations of behaviors that are not readily explicable by the standard approach of economic theory.      

多媒体教学在医学影像诊断学教学中的运用

本文通过在医学影像诊断学课程的教学中采用多媒体教学,来探讨提高教学质量的方法。得出多媒体教学法适合医学影像诊断学的教学,合理运用多媒体教学法不但能提高教学质量,而且能充分调动学生的学习积极性,达到教学目的,值得推广的结论。     

我国高级船员流失问题研究

高级船员是航运企业核心竞争力的重要来源，随着经济的发展和社会的进步，高级船员流失严重。同时，由于船员资源的短缺，使船员在企业问的流动频繁。在对我国高级船员流失现状的基础上，分析了我国高级船员流失的原因，并提出了一些对策。     

基于三个维度的政府管理人才流出行为及原因剖析

政府管理人才的流出行为有开除、退休、辞退、辞职等方式,本文主要研究政府管理人才的自愿流出问题,重点就是主动辞职问题。从社会、政府、个人三个维度对政府管理人才自愿流出行为具体原因的分析,说明政府管理人才为何要离开政府部门。     

The Romanian researchers＇ profile and career in the knowledge based economy

This study examines the international profile and career of 157 Romanian researchers. The majority considers the insufficient funding of research in Romania as playing a major role in their decision to work in the knowledge based economy. In addition, the survey reveals several other factors which motivate the emigration of Romanian scientists. While abroad, the majority kept in touch with their former university/research institute, colleagues and/or the Romanian scientific community, in general. More than half of the respondents prefer to work outside Romania, after completing their current professional projects.     

基于动态规划算法的无源毫米波弱小目标检测方法

针对无源毫米波弱小目标特点,结合已有的动态规划算法,利用图像阈值分割原理实时计算检测门限,提出一种适用于无源毫米波小目标检测的实用动态规划算法,并分析了动态规划的计算过程及分割门限的确定方法。实验仿真结果表明,此算法能准确检测出复杂背景下的低信噪比无源毫米波弱小目标,并得到目标运动轨迹,在单帧成像信噪比为4.5dB左右时,能准确检测出目标运动轨迹。