Dynamic land use and land cover changes and their effect on forest resources in a coastal village of Matemwe,Zanzibar, Tanzania

Recent land cover change estimates show overall decline of tropical forests at the regional and global scales caused by multiple social, cultural and economic factors. There is an overall concern on the prevailing land use practices, such as shifting cultivation and extraction of forest materials as agents of forests losses, but also new, emerging land uses are threatening tropical forests. Understanding of the long-term development and driving forces of forest changes are needed, especially at local levels where many decisions on forest policies and land uses are made. This paper addresses the importance of such information for improved estimates of forest dynamics by studying local level land cover and land use changes during the last 50–70 years in the Eastern African tropical island of Zanzibar, Tanzania. The paper discusses the role of traditional and new land uses mainly subsistence farming, tourism and government interference through tree planting, in the long-term development of the forests at the village level. The material for the study is gathered from the interpretation of archival maps and aerial photographs combined with contemporary digital aerial photographs. The analyses are based on the mapping, spatial sampling and spatio-temporal change trajectory analysis (LCTA) of forest land cover, forest land uses and settlement patterns with GIS and statistics. Six distinct forest land cover change trajectories were identified and these illustrate dynamic and heterogeneous nature of the forests. Closed forest cover has dominated throughout due to cyclical land use patterns, but over 70% of the land area has been continuously transforming between closed, semi-open and open land cover conditions. Land use turnover rates indicate that hardly any forest areas are left untouched from the forces, which remove and re-establish forest vegetation in the long run. Land cover and land use change trajectories are spatially fragmented in the studied landscape. Majority of forest loss-gain dynamics is caused by shifting cultivation, while forest losses are most dramatic along the coast, where traditional and new land uses meet and land uses pressures are highest. The study suggests that landscape change trajectory analyses, where contemporary and historical information on land uses and land cover changes are spatially linked, can provide valuable aspects into local level forest land use planning and management strategies. For the case study, the findings suggest the following key forest management strategies for consideration: (1) establishment of a protected forest/scrubland in participation with the local stakeholders, especially the farmers, (2) promotion of areas for permanent agricultural practices, while simultaneously introducing management controls in the traditional slash-and-burn farming areas, and (3) promoting new livelihood opportunities for the farmers, who have traditionally been dependent on forest resources, meanwhile introducing alternatives for fuel wood for cooking.     

基于YOLOv3的H型钢表面缺陷检测系统

为了提升H型钢的表面质量和安全系数,设计了一种基于YOLOv3算法的型钢表面缺陷检测系统.设计的检测系统由硬件系统和软件系统组成:硬件系统包括八角架式图像采集装置、电动控制系统和通信系统;软件系统采用YOLOv3目标检测算法.现场测试结果表明:1)检测系统可实时采集图像,并根据H型钢的规格型号能够自动调节图像采集装置结...     

基于自适应分割算法的多跳频信号盲检测

传统的观点大都将跳频信号盲检测问题视为能量域的门限阈值问题,而从统计域来看,实际接收到的跳频信号是在一些未知时刻突变而在这些时刻之间保持统计平稳性的分段平稳随机信号,那么基于非平稳时间序列的各种突变检测算法就可以引入其中。分析了当前跳频突变通信信号的统计特性,给出了其高阶分段平稳的模型。将Bemaola-Galan（BG）提出的自适应分割算法推导到高阶,并将其成功应用于多个跳频突发信号盲检测和自适应提取中。仿真结果表明,该算法不需要任何先验信息,能够有效检测和提取多个突发通信信号,且性能优于传统的能量检测法。     

融合改进FT显著性与Grabcut的图像目标分割算法

针对目前复杂度较大的图像中目标分割速度较慢、显著性边界分割不明确等问题,提出了一种融合改进的FT（Frequency-tuned）显著性检测与Grabcut的图像分割算法。该算法首先通过改进基于频率调谐的FT显著性检测方法得到图像中显著性较高的区域,并利用SLIC（Simple Linear Iterative Clustering）算法对显著图进行预处理得到超像素图,能够有效改善边界的分割效果,然后通过以图论GraphCut算法为基础改进的Grabcut算法建立高斯混合模型。为了提高算法效率,通过聚类以超像素代替原像素,并反复迭代高斯混合模型（Gaussian Mixed Model,GMM）参数,最后利用最大流最小割算法得到最优目标分割结果。实验结果表明所提算法能够更准确更高效率地分割图像中的显著性目标,对高分辨率图像也有很好的适用效果,相比于其他算法在分割精度上提高10%左右,并具有较高的分割效率。     

直升机卫星通信系统信道模拟与通信实现

针对直升机卫星通信系统中直升机旋翼对通信信道造成的周期性衰落问题,采用射频收发器AD9361模拟了信道周期性衰落模型,基于此模型在现场可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)上优化并实现了缝隙检测算法。根据信道衰落模型和缝隙检测算法及数据链路速率和带宽的要求,提出了一套直升机卫星通信系统可靠通信方案,即前向链路采用重发和分集接收及短码LDPC编码技术,返向链路根据前向链路缝隙检测的结果在无遮挡缝隙采用突发通信和长码低密度奇偶校验(Low Density Parity Check,LDPC)编码技术,实现可靠通信。系统测试结果表明,该方案不受直升机机型限制,系统可在40%遮挡率下实现前向链路25.6 kb/s和返向链路4 Mb/s速率下的可靠通信。     

测算价格贸易条件指数的困境及出路

我国学者运用帕氏公式测算我国价格贸易条件指数时经常得到大相径庭的结果,笔者认为这是由我国海关统计资料的数据缺陷造成的。文章提出采用环比-定基两步法测算价格贸易条件指数:第一步,采用环比的方法用帕氏公式测算每年与上年相比的进出口价格指数;第二步,用定基的方法以某一年为基期进行转换计算,测算出各年度与基期相比的进出口价格指数,然后用相同基期的出口价格指数除以进口价格指数测算价格贸易条件指数。通过环比-定基两步法可有效解决测算我国价格贸易条件指数的困境。     

《2010年国际贸易术语解释通则》与《 2000通则》的比较

为帮助外贸业务人员深入理解和正确使用《2010年国际贸易术语解释通则》的条款,本文旨在通过对最新发布和生效的《2010年国际贸易术语解释通则》的修订背景、及其与《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》的比较分析,探讨《2010年国际贸易术语解释通则》在国际贸易今后发展中的实际意义,并结合目前外贸企业对贸易术语的应用现状,有针对性地提出如何使贸易术语更好地与外贸企业实际业务相结合,从而使外贸从业人员能熟练掌握、灵活运用《2010年国际贸易术语解释通则》,避免贸易纠纷,减少贸易风险,以防患于未然。     

通信机房设备故障集中声光报警系统的研制

研制了一个故障集中声光报警系统，以80C196KC单片机为核心，主要包括三部分：信号检测电路、单片机最小系统和故障报警电路。运行结果表明：该系统具有可靠性高、功能强、成本低、维护方便等特点。文中给出了系统框图、硬件电路及软件程序流程图。     

智能型面积测量仪

提出1种以MCS-51单片机为核心,集微电子、光电检测及电感检测技术为一体的面积测量方法,介绍了它的设计、组成和故障诊断方法,指出其采用容错技术、自校正技术和抗干扰技术后具有测量精度高、性能价格比高等特点,且少量传感器出现故障时不影响测量精度,适用于测量皮革及其他不规则片状物体的面积。     

瞬变电磁法在引水隧洞超前预报中的应用

涌(突)水是水利工程引水隧洞施工过程中常见的地质灾害之一,查明掌子面前方富水异常区域的的分布特征是引水隧洞超前预报工作的重要内容.本文结合工程实例介绍了瞬变电磁探测技术在引水隧洞超前预报中的探测和数据处理,表明瞬变电磁法是一种高效的引水隧洞超前预报探测方法,为水利工程引水隧洞施工工作提供有效的技术支撑.