运动饮料的市场发展分析

本文以美国、日本两个运动饮料市场化发展程度较高的国家为例,分析了运动饮料的定义与发展情况,并在此基础上分析中国运动饮料的市场发展情况,预测中国运动饮料市场将趋向成熟,趋向大众,趋向健康。     

计算机在物流软技术研究中的应用

利用计算机技术加强物流软技术的研究,实现对现有物流设备的合理调配和使用, 充分发挥物流设备的能力,降低物流总费用,促进物流合理化,从而提高物流企业的经济效益。     

基于IP分布式MSC的CDMA2000系统A接口设计与实现

针对传统集中式移动交换中心(MSC)容量小、安全性低、不易扩展的不足,基于IP技术和软交换技术,提出了一种分布式MSC架构.在此架构下对A接口协议进行了分析并给出了基于IP的实现方案:兼顾TCP的可靠性和UDP的简洁性定义了承载A接口中的信令和业务的一个增强性UDP协议(EUDP).此外,也描述了分布式MSC负荷分担的选择原则:轮选、处理最近和资源最近;最后以8 kbit/s语音业务为例,对基于IP传输语音业务的带宽需求进行了简单分析.实践表明,该方案不仅提高了系统的经济性,也改善了网络容量扩展和新业务提供的灵活性.     

Effects of Network Embeddedness on the Relationship Between Environmental Volatility and Interfirm Contracts

Purpose: This study examines the effects of an embedded network on the contractual relationship between exchange parties under conditions reflecting varying levels of environmental volatility and investigates the role of an important network factor—the embedded network—in the contractual relationship between manufacturers and their suppliers.

Methodology: The empirical test was conducted with manufacturing companies in the context of manufacturer–supplier relationships. Construct measures were based on existing measures and previous research. Measurement reliability and validity were established using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and an overall measurement model was assessed with structural equation modeling using LISREL.

Findings: The results of a survey of manufacturers indicate that firms in an embedded network preferred “soft” contracts even when they face volatile environments, whereas those facing volatile environments in a less embedded network preferred “hard” contracts with explicitly specified written requirements. Network partners carefully evaluated embedded networks (a critical factor that has not received enough attention) before forming contractual relationships in a network perceiving interfirm relationships differently.

Originality: The study introduces network embeddedness to explain governance mechanisms in volatile environments and shows that the explicit recognition of embedded network may facilitate the development of contracts with specific provisions as the contractual relationship evolves.     

A safe speed guidance model for highways

ABSTRACT

This paper presents a fuzzy logic model to support decisions for the suggested speed limit for sections of highways as they become affected by adverse road conditions, environmental factors and differing traffic levels. The definition of the main factors, and their weight, that reduce safety on highways was conducted by the Delphi method, consulting traffic engineering experts. The survey served as a basis for structuring indicators and indexes in a soft decision tree, structured by a fuzzy logic system. The system can be used to support the decisions of those that manage the roads, indicating to drivers’ speeds, by visual, audible or combined systems.     

绵里藏针——信用证软条款浅析

信用证软条款在信用证生效的各个环节上制造障碍,使得受益人无法顺利结汇。本文分析了信用证软条款的不同类型,并在信用证风险防范方面给出了建议。外贸公司应当重视信用证的审核工作,防止软条款带来的经济损失。     

对构建四川人力资本强省“软环境”的研究

四川省是一个人口大省，人力资源丰富，但在人力资源的管理方面还存在一些问题，其中对人力资源“软环境”的忽视显得尤为突出。为此，政府应充分认识到构建实现人力资本强省“软环境”的重要性，更新观念，完善政策和体制，营造良好的社会学习氛围，培育有利于人才成长的文化土壤，以事业和感情吸引人才和留住人才，为四川省经济的跨越式发展提供强有力的人才支撑。     

中国物流行业存在的主要问题分析

当前,我国物流业处于快速增长期,对于提高国民经济增长质量和效益的作用日益明显。但是,物流业发展面临着许多问题:物流成本居高不下,物流效率低,物流市场散乱,物流企业散、小、弱,生存环境差,复杂的税费机制、不尽合理的财税体制、不同环节的重复纳税,名目繁多的路桥费和罚款、仓储难等问题困扰着物流业。政府应积极作为,制定切实有效的政策,建立完善的物流体系,构建健康的物流生态环境,促进物流业快速发展。     

The Importance of taste in experimental auctions: consumers’ valuation of calorie and sweetener labeling of soft drinks

A majority of purchases that consumers make are classified as repeat purchases. One of the main reasons why consumers make repeat food purchases is the food's taste. Therefore, we examined the importance of including taste testing in nonhypothetical experimental auctions. Specifically, we used two experiments to determine consumers’ willingness to pay for soft drinks labeled with different calorie and sweetener information. In Experiment 1, participants tasted the soft drinks prior to the bidding rounds. In Experiment 2, participants did not taste the soft drinks prior to the bidding rounds. Bidding behavior for the soft drinks was significantly different between Experiment 1 and Experiment 2. Results suggest that including taste testing in the design of experimental auctions is important to accurately capture consumers’ willingness to pay for foods that are purchased repeatedly. Results also imply that policies aimed at combating obesity by making the calorie content of foods more visible may not produce desired outcomes.     

论内地与香港食品安全合作法律机制的构建——一种跨行政区域软法治理的思路

内地与香港食品安全合作的有序推进需要相应法律机制的保障。这一法律机制应立足于两地食品安全合作法律实践的现状,从组织机构、表现形式和内容三方面予以构建。内地与香港食品安全合作法律机制的组织机构建设应依托于两地合作的整体性机构安排,革新和完善现有的磋商交流机制;两地食品安全合作法律机制的表现形式主要是行政协议。行政协议在法律性质上属于软法;在内容上,这些行政协议至少应涵盖四类规则:食品安全信息交流制度、食品安全标准协调制度、食品安全能力建设制度和食品安全突发事件协处制度。