Managing geoenergy-induced seismicity with society

Contemporary and future low-carbon energy supply requires using the deep underground. Ample evidence shows that onshore oil and gas extraction, associated wastewater injection, deep geothermal systems, and carbon capture and storage can induce damaging seismicity. While induced seismicity exhibits symptoms of a potentially controversial issue, research today has been limited to seismic hazard and risk. Here we argue for the need of social scientific insights to inform risk communication and processes of managing geoenergy-induced seismicity with society.     

Earnings and capital management and signaling: the use of loan-loss provisions by European banks

This paper investigates the relationship between loan-loss provisions (LLPs) and earnings management in the context of the capital adequacy of Euro Area (EA) banks versus non-EA credit institutions. This paper also examines whether LLPs signal managements’ expectations concerning future bank profits to investors. Additionally, this paper traces the role of bank regulations and creditor protection systems in explaining income smoothing. Evidence drawn from the 1996 to 2006 period indicates that LLPs do reflect changes in the expected quality of a bank's loan portfolio for both groups of banks, and that earnings management is an important determinant of LLPs for EA intermediaries, whereas non-EA credit institutions use LLPs to signal private information to outsiders. The paper also finds that higher protection of creditors’ rights significantly reduces the incentives to smooth earnings for EA banks. During the recent financial crisis, EA bank managers are much more concerned with their credit portfolio quality and do not use LLPs for discretionary purposes, whereas LLPs at non-EA banks are used to smooth income more than for the purposes of managing capital ratios or conveying private information about future performance to the market.     

Strategies to create risk awareness and legitimacy: the Swedish climate campaign

Social means of risk regulation often only arise in response to media attention and public opinion. In contrast, in the case of climate change, the Swedish government proactively launched a public information campaign to promote public awareness and knowledge of the risks associated with climate change, with the explicit objective of promoting acceptance of public means of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This paper analyses the framing of climate change in the Swedish climate campaign and its communication strategy. What was the message of the campaign narrative? What did it imply concerning the causes, effects, and management of and responsibility for climate change? What means were used to communicate the risks of climate change? The paper analyses the campaign narrative, its references to various affective images of climate change, and the various storytelling techniques it used. It concludes that the Swedish climate campaign relied on a unidirectional view of risk communication and proffered a narrative containing inconsistencies and ambivalence. The analysis demonstrates that despite a thoroughly worked‐out strategy, a well‐defined message, and the intention to speak clearly, a complex problem such as climate change cannot easily be transformed into a single, coherent story.     

Emotion,affect, and risk communication with older adults: challenges and opportunities

Recent research suggests that emotion, affect, and cognition play important roles in risk perception and that their roles in judgment and decision‐making processes may change over the lifespan. This paper discusses how emotion and affect might help or hinder risk communication with older adults. Currently, there are few guidelines for developing effective risk messages for the world's aging population, despite the array of complex risk decisions that come with increasing age and the importance of maintaining good decision making in later life. Age‐related declines in cognitive abilities such as memory and processing speed, increased reliance on automatic processes, and adaptive motivational shifts toward focusing more on affective (especially positive) information mean that older and younger adults may respond differently to risk messages. Implications for specific risk information formats (probabilities, frequencies, visual displays, and narratives) are discussed and directions for future research are highlighted.     

Aquaculture: an emerging issue for public concern

The present paper reviews the literature on the risks and benefits of aquaculture. By bringing together sources from both natural sciences and social sciences, we provide a synthesis of perspectives on the relatively novel activity of modern aquaculture. This review consists of three parts: first, a background to aquaculture; second, an overview of the scientific risks and benefits; and third, an introduction to the related public perception issues. We establish five main risk‐related areas: human health, environment, organizational, fish welfare, and social issues and utilize these to highlight potential divergences in expert and lay perceptions. Drawing on findings from the risk perception literature, particularly those related to previous food‐related controversies, it is argued that aquaculture incorporates a range of issues, which have already been shown to be a catalyst for public concern. As such, we conclude that, in addition to natural science studies, aquaculture requires a social science approach in order to be able to anticipate and address future controversies in a timely and efficient manner. However, to date, only few articles address aquaculture from a social science perspective, and the present paper is offered as a step in this direction.     

A genre-theoretic approach to financial reporting research

A genre is a category of texts marked out by the conventions employed in their production. A genre-theoretic approach draws out the complex, subtle and elusive nature of financial reporting as communication. It provides scope for examining the features of the reporting process that contribute to its complexities and subtleties in a systematic, comprehensive and integrated way, embracing both technical and social dimensions. This paper discusses aspects of genre theory, as employed in discourse analysis, and their application to financial reporting. Relevant features of the approach include financial statement composition as a challenging process; knowing users; an engaged discourse community; situated communication; intertextuality; and structural dynamism. A genre-based approach has a number of implications for financial reporting research, at both methodological and substantive levels, which are explored in the paper, and may ultimately offer the potential for integrating market-based and interdisciplinary work together with the best of the classical tradition.     

城市商业银行跨区发展的模式选择——基于当前的监管背景

跨区发展是城市商业银行（以下简称“城商行”）突破地域限制、提升竞争力的重要路径,但是,相对于城商行的快速发展,其风险管控能力较弱？近年来银行监管机构为了加强城商行的风险管理,开始审慎对待城商行跨区发展问题。本文通过分析我国城商行的跨区发展概况和当前的监管背景,认为跨区发展是城商行实现资产增长的有效途径,现阶段应选择控股模式跨区发展,即：城商行完全拥有或有效控制其他城商行、农商行、村镇银行等金融机构或小贷公司,以实现跨区发展。在此基础上,进一步分析了实施中需要注意的问题和今后的发展方向。     

微波通信应急组网仿真系统设计

针对通信保障方案生成方式及评估手段落后的问题,设计了微波通信应急组网仿真系 统。系统以模块化的形式设计了体系结构,采用层次分析法构建了通信装备建模框架,通过 流程图描述了仿真过程并提出仿真实现方法,实现了数据库管理,给出了通信效果评估依据 及评估实现方法。最后通过日常组网训练仿真验证了系统的可行性与可靠性。系统通过虚拟 评估手段为用户提供较精确的数据支撑和结果分析,可对通信保障方案生成起辅助决策作用 ,有效提高应急通信保障效率。     

一种低信噪比突发信号载波跟踪技术研究

为了改善低信噪比卫星下行短突发扩频信号载波跟踪时,解调性能随着信号动态增大而明显恶化的现象,提出了一种多普勒动态补偿辅助的载波跟踪算法,首先通过短时傅里叶变换(STFT)结合最小二乘拟合(LSM)算法估计信号频率及变化率,再利用估计值对原始信号进行多普勒动态补偿,最后使用三阶锁相环完成载波精确跟踪,对算法进行优化设计并进行仿真,以提高数据利用率。仿真结果表明,在接收-170 dBW灵敏度电平条件下,优化后的算法在对捕获后频偏小于200 Hz,频率变化率小于2 kHz/s的信号进行跟踪时,跟踪成功率达到99%,解调损失小于0.2 dB。新算法复杂度适中,利于工程实现,为现有接收机载波跟踪模块对低信噪比突发扩频信号进行改进提供了参考。