编组站车流接续优化模型及算法

在解编顺序给定的条件下,建立车流接续优化模型。在模型构建中,列车属性方面同时考虑了换重、换长和满轴三个约束,通过算例证明,该设定不但更加符合实际,而且使得车流接续优化具有了一定的灵活性。在算例分析部分,分别利用一般数学软件Lingo11.0以及VC++编写的自适应免疫克隆算法对模型进行求解,证明了模型和算法的有效性,为编组站阶段计划车流接续优化智能化提供了较好的解决途径。     

青海入境旅游市场的演化及格局研究

旅游市场是旅游业发展的基础,也是进行旅游开发规划的导向。青藏铁路的全线开通以及近年来在国际市场上的不断宣传,青海省旅游业面临着前所未有的发展机遇。据此,从时间序列和旅游市场结构两个角度,以1998-2009年度旅游统计年鉴为数据基础,利用亲景度和市场竞争态两种分析方法,分析了10年来青海省13个主要入境旅游市场的动态变化。研究发现,青海幼童类-高偏好和幼童类-比较偏好的客源国比较集中,并主要以英国、法国、德国、加拿大、美国等欧美国家为主。东南亚及周边市场整体上对青海的偏好低,除日本和新加坡外,其他国家所占市场份额非常有限。最后根据整体市场格局,提出了青海入境旅游市场的拓展方向。     

热轧带钢滚筒式切头飞剪关键技术进步

总结了30年来热轧带钢滚筒式切头飞剪关键技术进步,包括机械结构创新设计和最优化剪切系统等。     

基于社会公正的中国富强梦

国家富强是以实现中华民族伟大复兴为宏伟目标的"中国梦"的根本。中国所追求的国家富强的社会主义属性集中体现在对"富强"与"和谐"的内在统一上。以社会和谐为根本特征的中国富强梦离不开社会公正。要使中国富强梦真正变为基于社会公正的中国人民的富强梦,确立并实施全面财富观是一条根本途径。     

Disorder in the Risk Order

Abstract

This paper studies the difference in global equity portfolios allocated by the criterion of minimizing the risk by using two different risk measures, the standard deviation and the conditional value at risk. An empirical analysis is performed on a comprehensive stock exchange database. The main hypothesis of the present work is that the choice of risk measure has crucial importance in portfolio optimisation, especially in those situations when the stock markets are extremely volatile and the return distributions are non-normal. The rationale behind establishing minimum-risk portfolios is to keep track of the highest possible risk reduction benefits from international diversification.     

Regulation and the Development of Competition in the U.K. Gas Supply Industry

When the U.K. gas supply industry was privatised, it retained its monopoly vertically integrated structure. We discuss the forces which led to the deregulation of the U.K. gas supply industry. Important factors in the process include a number of critical reports by the regulatory authorities, the growth of alternative gas supplies including the development of the spot-market, and the success of independents in gaining market share in markets opened up to competition. We also present surveys of gas users and independent gas suppliers and find that price advantage has been the critical factor in the increase in market share gained by the independent gas suppliers.     

Reducing truck emissions at container terminals in a low carbon economy: Proposal of a queueing-based bi-objective model for optimizing truck arrival pattern

This study proposes a methodology to optimize truck arrival patterns to reduce emissions from idling truck engines at marine container terminals. A bi-objective model is developed minimizing both truck waiting times and truck arrival pattern change. The truck waiting time is estimated via a queueing network. Based on the waiting time, truck idling emissions are estimated. The proposed methodology is evaluated with a case study, where truck arrival rates vary over time. We propose a Genetic Algorithm based heuristic to solve the resulting problem. Result shows that, a small shift of truck arrivals can significantly reduce truck emissions, especially at the gate.     

国民总财富的估算与结构分析——以安徽省为例

国民总财富把经济发展、社会进步和资源环境变化结合起来,更好地代表了经济主体可持续发展的程度。文章依据世界银行提出的方法估算出了1990-2011年安徽省人均财富以及总财富的各项构成部分,结果表明:现阶段安徽省仍然大量使用自然资本来推动人均GDP和人均财富的增长。且现阶段,安徽省财富的积累还是以自然资本为主,但是自然资本的比例越来越低,生产资本所占财富的比重正缓慢上升。人力资本比重最小,这不利于经济的可持续发展。     

Banking Competition and Capital Ratios

Empirical studies provide evidence that bank capital ratios exceed regulatory requirements. But why do banks maintain capital levels above regulatory requirements? We use data for more than 2,600 banks from 10 European countries to test recent theories suggesting that competition incentivises banks to maintain higher capital ratios. These theories also predict that banks that engage in arm's length lending have lower capital ratios, and that shareholder rights and deposit insurance characteristics affect capital ratios. Consistent with these theories, our evidence robustly indicates that competition increases capital holdings. Banks that lend at arm's length exhibit lower capital ratios, whereas banks in countries with strong shareholder rights operate with higher capital ratios. We also show some evidence that generous deposit protection schemes that exclude non‐deposit creditors are associated with higher capital ratios. Our results have important policy implications. First, while the traditional view suggests imposing restrictions on bank activities in order to restrain competition, our analysis indicates the opposite, even after adjusting the regressions for risk‐taking. Second, weak shareholder rights undermine market forces that would otherwise encourage banks to hold higher capital ratios.     

博弈论视角下的小额贷款公司制度分析

小额贷款公司的出现,不仅健全了我国的金融服务体系,同时也给金融业注入了新的活力。与银行相比,小额贷款公司因其放贷门槛低、手续简便及操作灵活的优点,满足了小微市场经济主体多样化的信贷需求。本文通过分析小额贷款公司同银行的竞争合作机制,从理论上探讨了两者的合作条件。