我国双边投资协议中的国民待遇条款探析

1982年以来,我国签署了128项双边投资协议,其中103项已经生效。这些协议中有37项包含对国民待遇的规定。这些规定对国民待遇的表述并不一致,适用国民待遇的范围也有所不同,这在一定程度上影响了立法的统一和稳定,因此我国有必要制定自己的投资协议范本。对国民待遇的规定反映了投资自由化的程度,我国目前仅将国民待遇适用于投资运营阶段,但在未来,投资准入阶段的国民待遇已是大势所趋。     

Co-movement of the Chinese and U.S. aggregate stock returns

This article studies the co-movement of the levels, as well as of the volatilities, of the Chinese and U.S. aggregate stock returns in 1995–2014, focusing on the impact of the liberalization of Chinese stock market from 2005. The volatilities of the two returns appear to have started to co-move in 2006. To understand the co-movement, we use the GARCH BEKK method. The result suggests that before 2006, the evolution of the U.S. returns had a tendency to affect the Chinese returns in level and volatility. However, after 2006, the two returns affected each other in a more complex way.     

中美双边投资:在波动中寻求共识与机遇

作为当今世界两个最大的经济体,中美双边投资关系到整个世界经济的繁荣和稳定。本文以新时期为背景,研究了中美双边投资的历史走势、短期挑战和长期机遇,并对投资的行业分布和模式进行了分析。中美双边投资长期以来保持了较快的增长态势,但是近年来美国对华战略与政策出现了重大调整,导致中国对美投资呈跳跃性下降趋势,美国对中国投资则未出现明显下降,持续保持了较高水平的增长。长期来看,中美两国在经贸投资领域具有较强的互补性,通过强化磋商、构建共赢机制,双边投资仍具有较好的机遇和前景。本文据此提出了应对短期风险、促进中美投资长期健康发展的政策建议。     

Effects of food consumption patterns on paddy field use in Taiwan

Societal metabolism and land use are significant and interrelated issues, and play a role in sustainable development. How a society's metabolism relates to local land use is typically affected by the particular context of the society under study, which is usually shaped by many factors, including economic, ecological, cultural, technological, and political factors. This study examines the effects of changes in food consumption patterns – decreasing per capita consumption of rice and increasing per capita consumption of wheat flour and meat – on the use of paddy fields in Taiwan. Although rice is grown domestically, wheat, which is a substitute for rice, is mainly imported. Moreover, the domestic livestock industry depends heavily on imported crops for low-cost feed. Accordingly, dietary changes have significantly decreased the demand for local paddy fields to grow crops. Additionally, the diversion of paddy fields to grow forage crops, which has been promoted by the Taiwanese government by guaranteeing prices for feed maize for 14 years, was discouraged when Taiwan joined the World Trade Organization in 2002, as Taiwan was required at that time to reduce by 20% its aggregate measure of support. The presented Taiwan case provides an empirical example of how a change in input characteristics (supply sources in a spatial dimension) of societal metabolism can, together with other factors, significantly affect local paddy fields, and discusses the underlying implications for sustainable development.     

利率汇率传导机制研究:理论模型及实证检验

利率和汇率是货币市场和外汇市场的调节工具和货币政策的主要手段.在资本自由流动和货币自由兑换下, 货币市场和外汇市场相互作用、相互影响,利率汇率之间存在灵活有效的传导机制.宏观调控政策的有效性不仅取决于利率或汇率变动,更取决于利率汇率传导机制的效率.在中国资本控制逐步放松和资本账户渐进开放进程中,加强利率汇率传导机制是实现我国内外经济均衡的重要途径.     

银行自由化的储蓄效应分析——基于中国经验的实证研究

动员储蓄是金融系统的基本功能,"二战"后发展中国家普遍实施的金融抑制政策削弱了金融系统的基本功能。这种政策在长期内降低了私人储蓄率,不利于经济发展。金融自由化能通过利率、收入、资产选择效应等多种机制提高私人储蓄率。中国自20世纪90年代逐渐推行金融自由化运动。选取1992-2006年为样本区间,通过对中国银行自由化的储蓄效应进行实证分析,认为中国的银行自由化对提高私人储蓄率作用是显著的,且具有统计上的规律性。     

双边投资条约的发展新趋势及中国对策探析

国际投资自由化是大趋势,但不少国家在最新的双边投资条约中都采取了防守策略,强调国家主权的至高无上性,似乎从放权或限制主权走向逐渐收回相关管辖权,主权回归成为这些国家维护经济安全的重要法律政策。通过分析双边投资条约中强调主权回归的新趋势,对中国以后的双边投资条约提供建议。     

FDI in post-production services and product market competition

Post-production services, such as sales, distribution, and maintenance, comprise a crucial element of business activity. We explore an international duopoly model in which a foreign firm has the option of outsourcing post-production services to its domestic rival or providing those services by establishing its own facilities through FDI. We demonstrate that trade liberalization in goods may hurt domestic consumers and lower world welfare, and that the negative welfare impacts are turned into positive ones if service FDI is also liberalized. This finding yields important policy implications, given the reality that the progress of liberalization in service sectors is still limited.     

Political connections and higher education

Do political connections affect investment in human capital? This paper studies the higher education decisions of politically connected and unconnected students during China's economic transition. Using the sequential introduction of reforms, I show that economic liberalization increased tertiary educational attainment, as well as sorting of students into different degree types depending on family background. Students whose parents were members of the Chinese Communist Party selected into relatively less prestigious vocational colleges with lower admissions standards. In contrast, politically unconnected individuals responded to the higher skill premium following the reforms by studying harder to obtain more demanding and sought‐after university degrees.     

Stock market openness and analyst forecast bias

Biases in analysts’ forecasts can be reduced not only through regulation but also through market mechanisms. In 2014, China launched the Shanghai-Hong Kong Connect program, which opened part of its domestic equity market to foreign investors. The implementation of this program provides a quasi-natural experimental setting to explore whether stock market openness plays a governance role in brokerage firms and minimizes their affiliated analysts' forecast biases. We find that the participation of foreign institutional investors mitigates the forecast biases of affiliated analysts. We also show that these analysts exert more significant effort by conducting more site visits. Our findings suggest that market liberalization can help improving the quality of analysts’ forecasts.