Evolutionary choice of markets

We consider an economy where a finite set of agents can trade on one of two asset markets. Due to endogenous participation the markets may differ in the liquidity they provide. Traders have idiosyncratic preferences for the markets, e.g.due to differential time preferences for maturity dates of futures contracts. For a broad range of parameters we find that no trade, trade on both markets (individualization) as well as trade on one market only (standardization) is supported by a Nash equilibrium. By contrast, whenever the number of traders becomes large, the evolutionary process selects a unique stochastically stable state which corresponds to the equilibrium with two active markets and coincides with the welfare maximizing market structure. We are grateful to Thorsten Hens, Fernando Vega-Redondo and a referee for valuable comments. We also thank seminar participants at the University of Zurich, the CES research seminar at the University of Munich, the Koc University in Istanbul as well as conference participants at the SAET conference in Ischia, the ESEM in Lausanne and the ESF workshop on Behavioural Models in Economics and Finance in Vienna. A first version of the paper was written while Marc Oliver Bettzüge was visiting the Institute for Empirical Research in Economics at the University of Zurich. Financial Support by the Swiss Banking Institute and by the National Centre of Competence in Research “Financial Valuation and Risk Management” (NCCR FINRISK) is gratefully acknowledged. The NCCR FINRISK is a research program supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation.     

我国女性劳动参与率的变化趋势及效应分析

劳动参与率是衡量劳动力就业状态的重要指标。本文通过研究我国女性劳动参与率的变化趋势、生命周期规律及城乡差别,得出以下基本结论：我国女性劳动参与率下降,不利于经济持续增长,加重女性社会保障系统负担；农业领域的女性劳动参与率较高,农业女性化趋势日益明显。政府要采取措施削弱伴随而来的负面效应。     

乡村景观营建中公众参与式设计的评价指标体系构建研究

乡村景观的营建中，既要师法自然，遵从自然规律；又要师法于人，注重人的使用需求。通过问卷访谈法、德尔菲法和层次分析法、案例分析法，根据乡村景观营建中公众(活跃群体、资源群体、专业群体、弱势群体)需求情况，针对公众在方案规划与公示阶段的参与行为，构建了乡村景观营建中的公众参与式设计的评价指标体系，并以实际案例对评价指标体系进行了运用检验。评价指标体系包括美景度、实用性、可行性3个一级指标，10个二级指标和29个三级指标。3个一级指标的权重排序为：实用性(0.637 0)>可行性(0.258 3)>美景度(0.104 7)。指标体系在实际案例中运用效果良好。此评价指标体系为乡村景观营建中公众参与规划设计方案的评价筛选提供了科学依据。     

Founders’ human capital and external knowledge sourcing: Exploring the absorptive capacity of start-up firms

ABSTRACT

This study highlights the importance of founders’ human capital on firms’ absorptive capacity for explaining the external knowledge sourcing (licensing-in and joint R&D) of start-up firms, using panel data from original questionnaire surveys conducted in Japan. The results of a probit model with an endogenous regressor show that firms managed by founders with a high level of specific human capital, measured as prior innovation experience and industry-specific work experience, tend to engage in external knowledge sourcing because of their superior absorptive capacity. The findings indicate that this type of human capital also promotes research and development (R&D) investment. Contrariwise, this study finds that firms managed by founders with a high level of general human capital, measured as educational attainment, tend to invest more in R&D, which enhances their absorptive capacity and thereby promotes external knowledge sourcing. Finally, the implications of these findings are discussed from the perspective of public policy.     

论面向公众满意的中国城市管理集成——党的建设理论和新公共管理理论的整合分析

在党的领导下,“公众”可以理解为“人民”或“群众”。在城市管理中,城市政府应当“以人民满意为导向”,要服务于以人为本的城市管理目标。公众是城市管理主体中的基础细胞,公众参与使城市管理的机制从被动外推转化为内在参与。城市管理的组织和技术集成化,将使整个城市系统高效快捷地服务于公众,使城市管理面向公众满意。     

新时期大学生的价值取向

当代大学生具有价值主体由社会集体本位向个人本位转化、价值目标从理想奉献向现实功利转向,价值判断从严格单一向宽容多元转向等特点,这是合乎历史规律的过程,虽具有片面性,但一定能走向优化和成熟。     

我国老年人出游条件与旅游行为探讨

促成我国老年人外出旅游的条件主要来自两个方面.首先老年人有外出旅游的需要,这是最基本的因素;其次是社会环境的鼓励和推动,为老年人出游提供了不可缺少的外部条件.老年人参加旅游活动,在选择旅游目的地、旅游方式、出游时间以及消费方式上都有自身显著的特点.研究老年人旅游的内在需求和行为特点可以为进一步拓宽老年旅游市场,开发更具针对性的老年旅游产品提供理论上的依据.     

劳动生产率、劳动参与率对经济增长的影响

劳动生产率、劳动参与率作为反映劳动力质和量的指标,是影响现代经济增长的两个重要因素,其变化对经济增长有着重要影响。文章运用现代定量分析方法,分别从全局和分地区的角度实证研究劳动生产率、劳动参与率影响经济增长的程度和方向,结果表明,劳动生产率对经济增长的贡献远远高于劳动参与率,提高劳动力质量是促进我国经济增长的根本途径。     

谈辅导员的“角色”要求

从事学生思想政治工作的高校辅导员 ,如何工作才能获得国家、社会、学校、学生、家长对其“角色”的认同 ,这是急待研究的课题。辅导员“角色”有“为人师表”要求、爱岗敬业要求、工作能力要求等。     

责任保险中保险人的参与权研究

在责任保险中，当责任保险的责任发生后，保险人在被保险人和第三人协商赔偿的过程中，享有决定、和解以及进行抗辩的权利。但由于我国没有明确的相关法律规定，这一权利在实践中经常被忽视甚至导致纠纷发生。为实现保险合同当事人的利益平衡，应加强对责任保险中保险人参与权的内容及其效果的分析，并将其与被保险人的告知义务联系起来进行研究。