英国中产阶级与19世纪城市发展

19世纪英国城市的迅速发展,促进了城市社会中新型中间阶层的不断发展壮大,预示了英国社会由两极型社会向着橄榄型社会演变的趋向。而中产阶级的茁壮成长,反过来又对城市的发展产生了巨大的影响。它促使城市功能形态发生变化,出现工业区、商业区、居住区的功能分区。从交通方式到居民居住模式都发生了变化,中产阶层及社会精英迁居城郊或郊区的独立、半独立式住宅,使城市发展出现了郊区化趋势。此外,中产阶级的壮大,还促进了城镇管理走向民主,从城镇寡头统治向选举产生的市政机关演变。     

The ideology of class and tourism confronting the discourse of advertising

Starting from Baudrillard's analysis of the ideological character inherent in all consumption, touristic consumption, for many reasons ,has a special place in this social semantic. Here, advertising plays an important if not essential role because tourism is a product consumed outside of normal time and daily social space. Therefore the social semantic asserts itselfless through the product itself than through its representation: the discourse of advertising. But advertising discourse is plural, each form having its own ideology, competing with others. Behind the commercial competition lies a competition of social classes, but with a new typology, no longer based on the capital/favor relationship. Four ideological models are analyzed and illustrated with their advertising messages: the traditional model, the clerical/executive model, the youth model, and the “intellectual class” model.     

Some Reflections on the Interactions between the Bank of England's Forecasts and the MPC's Policy Decisions

This paper makes three main points. First, whereas the Monetary Policy Committee's forecasts of inflation and output growth in the UK are comparatively accurate, they cannot forecast deviations around trend, except at short horizons. Second, this is primarily because they adjust policy, the short-term interest rate, to drive inflation/output back to trend at their forecast horizon. This is not apparent when using a Taylor-rule using ex post forecasts, since these are published after taking account of policy changes. I use a rule of thumb to re-engineer estimates of the ex ante forecasts, upon which the policy decision was based. Also, because of the lengthy lags in the transmission mechanism, Central Bank decision-makers relate their interest decisions, not to current variables, but to forecast values for future inflation and output, with a forward-looking interest rate reaction function of the form:

借鉴国际经验完善武汉市中低收入群体住房保障制度

为解决中低收入阶层住房问题,美国等国家和地区制定了一系列行之有效的住房保障政策,积累了许多经验,对我国解决中低收入群体住房有很多启示,借鉴他们的先进经验,对完善武汉市中低收入群体住房保障制度提出了具体建议。     

D类放大器在防空数字电声警报器中的应用

阐述了防空数字电声警报器中大功率D类放大器的构成、原理、效率及其应用问题。D类放大器要放大的信号是经过调制的脉冲宽度信号即PWM信号。音频信号(警报信号)的幅度只是用来调制脉冲载波信号的宽度,功率放大器完全处于开关状态,大幅度减少功率输出器件的自身功耗。采用场效应管(NMOSFET)的全桥结构+巴特沃特低通滤波器的架构,实现了大功率、超大功率的警报信号功率要求,解决了D类放大器在防空电声警报器中应用的难题,在生产中达到了警报功率输出效率93%～95%。在正弦信号输出时效率达到90%。这样的高效率是AB类模拟大功率放大器输出功率无法比拟的,使防空警报器实现了整体数字化。     

TRIZ在大学课堂教学中的应用研究

随着高等教育改革的不断深入,课堂教学越来越成为大学生获取专业知识的主要途径。本文从课堂教学中存在的问题入手,运用TRIZ理论进行了分析,提出了提高课堂教学质量的相应措施。     

思想政治理论课教师提高大学生思想政治教育工作效果的方法与途径研究

长期以来,讲授式教学是思想政治理论课的"主流"教学方式,而这样的教学方式让学生产生厌倦,也让教师感到困惑。本文从教师如何修炼内功,积极探索教学规律和学生学习的特点为切入点,探讨如何把思想政治理论课建设成为大学生真心喜爱、终身受益的优秀课程,更好地发挥思想政治理论课在培养中国特色社会主义事业建设者和接班人中的重要作用。     

电气类技术本科大学生职业生涯规划初探

目前电气类技术本科大学生的就业问题也变得越来越严峻,在我校"建设合格本科院校"的大背景下,如何做好此类大学生的职业生涯规划就变得非常现实和迫切;在本文中,笔者将就技术本科教育面临的现状、加强技术本科大学生职业生涯规划的途径和措施等展开谈论。     

An axiomatic approach to \boldsymbol{\varepsilon}-contamination

Summary.  Suppose that an economic agent is 100% certain that uncertainty she faces is characterized by a particular probability measure, but that she has a fear that, with 100% chance, her conviction is completely wrong and she is left perfectly ignorant about the true measure in the present as well as in the future. This situation is often called -contamination of confidence. The purpose of this paper is to provide a simple set of behavioral axioms under which the decision-makers preference is represented by the Choquet expected utility with the -contamination of confidence.Received: 25 November 2002, Revised: 15 November 2004, JEL Classification Numbers:   D81. Correspondence to: Hiroyuki OzakiWe are grateful to an anonymous referee. The referees comments greatly improved the exposition of the paper. The work reported here is partially supported by a grant from the Economic and Social Research Insitute, the Cabinet Office, the Government of Japan.     

Distribution dynamics and convergence in Latin America: A non-parametric analysis

This paper examines the dynamics of income distribution and convergence in Latin America during the period 1960 to 2000. Our results, based on the intradistribution dynamics approach, reveal a “twin peaks” dynamics, which echoes findings reported for the OECD, the Asia Pacific Basin and worldwide. Notable differences, however, are found between the income dynamics in Latin America and in these other regions. Further, our findings indicate that physical capital investment and health capital serve to explain Latin America’s “twin peaks” polarization. Other factors, such as geographical proximity, trade openness and human capital, are also found to help explaining it to some extent. We gratefully acknowledge the helpful comments and suggestions of the referee.