人口新常态约束下特大城市的规模调控与转型升级

不同国家、不同历史时期的特大城市人口规模变动极大,运用 Kernel 密度函数对中国城市人口规模分布的分析表明,当前以城区常住人口“500万以上”为特大城市的划分标准是合理的。从城市人口规模变动的动态历程来看,该变动主要受城市产业与经济发展的影响。对中国主要特大城市实有人口规模变动的分析表明,特大城市的人口规模调控应因时因地而动,不能搞一刀切,而且人口调控政策重点应该从数量控制转向结构优化。特大城市转型升级面临着农民工供给短缺、大学毕业生相对过剩、老年和少儿非劳动力人口持续增长等人口新常态约束。在这种人口增长新常态背景下,特大城市应坚持市场化改革方向,促进政府制度创新和企业技术与管理创新是城市转型升级的根本动力。     

日本冷链物流对苏州农业发展的启示

随着科学技术发展、经济水平不断提高,人们对农产品的新鲜度及质量提出更高的要求,冷链物流作为物流体系中特殊行业,能较好地满足这一需求。本课题将从日本冷链物流现状分析及其对农产品发展产生的影响入手,通过对苏州农业物流现状分析提出冷链物流的重要性,并试图通过借鉴日本冷链物流的先进设备、技术、管理,建立符合苏州实情的农业冷链物流体系。     

高寒地区公路沥青路面施工与控制思考

随着社会经济的发展,高速公路建设事业受到越来越多的关注,沥青路面在高速公路建设中备受青睐。但是,我国整体沥青路面的使用寿命跟部分先进国家水平相比,还存在一定差距,主要体现在高速公路结构设计、原材料的质量以及施工质量等一系列问题。本文针对现阶段高寒地区公路沥青路面的应用现状,提出了沥青路面施工中所存在的问题,并提出了笔者对于如何加强高寒地区公路沥青路面的几点看法。     

完善我国重大疾病商业健康保险的若干建议

本文通过对我国社会医疗保险和商业健康保险的比较,揭示重大疾病商业健康保险的必要性和重要性,并基于我国当前商业健康保险的种种缺失提出若干意见和建议。     

An evaluation of consumer participation in hospital breast services

Community expectations and research demonstrate that consumers play an important role in shaping services for women with breast cancer. Consumer contribution has been mandated recently in Victoria, Australia, to ensure the inclusion of consumer involvement in the planning and decision‐making processes within health organizations. As part of the redevelopment of breast services in Victoria, Southern Health has been funded to plan local improvements to care co‐ordination for women diagnosed with breast cancer in the southern metropolitan area of Melbourne. The establishment of effective consumer participation in breast services is an integral aspect of this project and a range of initiatives has been undertaken to achieve meaningful consumer involvement including the appointment of a consumer advisor; appointment of staff with extensive knowledge in women's health and community development to the project; establishment of a consumer reference group; and plans made to improve the receptivity of health service systems to consumer input. A preliminary evaluation of this ongoing project has indicated that a productive role for consumers in service practice review and policy and planning activities has been established and some change and engagement of staff has occurred. There is still work to be done to promote the involvement of a wider range of health professionals and to increase the level of trust between consumers and staff.     

Healthcare costs for Crohn’s disease patients treated with infliximab: a propensity weighted comparison of the effects of treatment adherence

Objective:

The objective for the research was to evaluate the direct healthcare costs for Crohn’s disease (CD) patients categorized by adherence status.

Methods:

Adult patients with ≥1 claim for infliximab and ≥2 claims for CD who were continuously insured for 12 months before and after their first infliximab infusion (index date) were identified in a 2006–2009 US managed care database. Patients were excluded if they had rheumatoid arthritis claims, received infliximab billed as a pharmacy benefit, or received another biologic drug. Patients were categorized as being either adherent or intermittently adherent to infliximab using a pre-defined algorithm. Total and component direct costs, CD-related costs, rates of surgery, and days of hospitalization were estimated for the 360-day post-index period. Propensity weighted generalized linear models were used to adjust the cost estimates for potential confounding variables.

Results:

The total propensity weighted cost for infliximab adherent patients was $40,425 (95% CI?=?[$38,686, $42,242]), compared to $41,082 (95% CI?=?[$38,163, $44,223]) for the intermittently adherent (p?=?0.71). However, adherent patients had lower total direct medical costs, exclusive of infliximab, that were $13,097 (95% CI?=?[$12,141, $14,127]) compared with $20,068 (95% CI?=?[$17,676, $22,784]) for intermittently adherent patients as a result of substantially lower hospital and outpatient costs (p?Conclusions:

Greater drug-related costs for infliximab adherent patients were offset by lower costs from hospitalization and outpatient visits. These findings indicate that adherent patients have improved clinical outcomes, at a similar aggregate cost, than patients who are only intermittently adherent to therapy.     

Classical Swine Fever Changes the Way Farmers Value Pigs in South Africa

Although there is growing demand for animal products in Africa, production is stagnating. Appropriate management of livestock diversity could help reinvigorate production, contribute to food security and improve farmers’ livelihoods, particularly in subsistence‐oriented systems. We assess differences in farmers’ preferences and economic values for pig traits across different production systems and across areas that have been affected and unaffected by classical swine fever (CSF). Not surprisingly, market‐oriented farmers derived higher values from the productive traits such as heavy slaughter weight and large litter size found in exotic pig genotypes. Subsistence‐oriented farmers, particularly in swine fever affected areas, placed high value on tolerance to disease. We found that CSF changed farmers’ preferences for adaptive traits, and less so for productive traits. Therefore, indigenous breeds become more valuable for subsistence farmers and crossbreeds for market‐oriented farmers if CSF is a risk. Our results can have implications for breeding and conservation strategies and for compensation strategies after culling, and will become increasingly relevant if, as predicted, heat waves and disease outbreaks become more frequent in pig production systems in South Africa with climate change.     

农民工职业病保险补偿制度评价与优化研究

工伤保险是当前农民工职业病最主要的保险补偿方式,然而制度设计上偏重普通职业伤害、忽视职业病患者特殊需求的现实,导致大部分农民工职业病患者都无法从工伤保险中得到足额的赔偿金来维持自身及家庭的正常生活。为保障农民工职业病患者的合法权益、缓解因职业病而导致的致贫现象,建议根据当前外出务工农民的现实保险需求,完善这一群体的医疗和养老保险制度,引入商业保险参与农民工职业病患者的保险补偿,构建以工伤保险等社会保险为主体、商业雇主责任保险为补充的多元保险补偿模式。     

管板干燥机的优化设计

通过优化,将换热管板两侧半圆弧形的盘管改成圆管结构,组成整体换热板,换热管分别采用180°圆弯头90°圆弯头焊接成形。管板与主轴的焊接过程中,采用焊后退火热处理,防止冷裂纹,能达到良好的脱氢效果。     

浅谈沥青路面病害的原因及其根治方法

沥青作为一种路用结合料,成为公路建设长久使用不衰的一种材料,但由于沥青材质本身的差异,常会使公路出现一些病害。