社有林可持续管理评价探讨

在介绍森林可持续管理概念与内涵的基础上,对社区林业可持续发展指标体系和综合评价研究现状进行概述,着重介绍了社有林可持续发展指标体系的研究现状及国外的成功案例。通过对国内外社有林管理的成功案例的研究,分析适合我国社有林管理的方法与途径。     

政府与居民:合作供给社区公共产品——以武汉市社区绿化的“私养公助”模式为例

“政府包揽、社区包办”是我国传统的社区公共产品供给模式,其缺陷导致一种困境：社区居民公共产品需求的日益增长与社区公共产品供给的短缺。将政府的供给主体职能与居民的协助供给功能相结合,政府与居民合作供给,是解决社区公共产品供给困境的有效路径。     

Do government owned banks trade market power for slack?

The ‘Quiet Life Hypothesis (QLH)’ posits that banks with market power have less incentives to maximize revenues and minimize cost. Especially government owned banks with a public mandate precluding profit maximization might succumb to a quiet life. We use a unified approach that simultaneously measures market power and efficiency to test the quiet life hypothesis of German savings banks. We find that average local market power declined between 1996 and 2006. Cost and profit efficiency remained constant. Nonparametric correlations are consistent with a quiet life regarding cost efficiency but not regarding profit efficiency. The quiet life on the cost side is negatively correlated with bank size, quality of loan portfolio and local per capita income. The last result indicates that the quiet cost life is therefore potentially due to benevolent excess consumption of local input factors by public savings banks.     

Cost-effectiveness achieved through changing the composition of renal replacement therapy in Japan

Abstract

Objective:

The cost-effectiveness of renal replacement therapy (RRT) is affected by the composition of treatment. This study aimed to estimate the costs and outcomes associated with changing the composition of RRT modality over time.

Methods:

By using clinical and cost data from a systematic review, a Markov model was developed to assess the costs and benefits of the four main treatments available for RRT in Japan. The model included direct health service costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALY). Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of the results.

Results:

Over the 15-year period of the model, the current composition of RRT (i.e., the base composition of RRT) was $84,008/QALY. The most cost-effective treatment was when the likelihood of a living donor transplant was increased by 2.4-times ($70,581/QALY). Compared with the base composition of RRT, dominant treatments with respect to cost-effectiveness were when the likelihood of a deceased donor transplant was increased by 22-times and when the likelihood of a pre-emptive living donor transplant was increased by 2.4-times. Little difference was found between these two treatments. One-way sensitivity analysis did not change the cost effectiveness except for costs of chronic hemodialysis and a living donor transplant in subsequent years.

Limitations:

It is difficult to increase the rate of transplant overall in the shorter term nationally and internationally.

Conclusions:

Appropriate distribution of all transplant options and hemodialysis is necessary to achieve the most cost-effective solution.     

旅游网络论坛的学术界定、发展现状与影响

网络论坛在中国发展迅速,逐渐成为继传统线下旅行社、线上旅行社之后,旅游中介商的第三支重要力量。在综合分析现有市场调查和研究的基础上,首先指出旅游网络论坛是虚拟消费社区的一种类型,发展出自助旅游文化,其次作为旅游电子中介商,它的目标市场是学历高和互联网使用率高的年轻人,核心产品以背包客、非标准化团队旅行、观光和特种旅游产品为主。梳理了旅游网络论坛的国内发展状况,最后论述其对于旅行社行业和目的地可能产生的重大影响。     

社区参与旅游发展具体操作分析

社区参与旅游发展具体包括旅游发展决策和旅游发展利益分配两个阶段。社区参与旅游发展利益分配主要从经济利益分配、培训和教育、就业、商机这几个方面来阐述。     

社区治理模式改革探索——基于新公共管理理论

现有的治理理论无法为政府主导型的社区模式改革提供具体的实施途径,我国社区治理失灵的现象比比皆是。新公共管理中＂政府再造＂原则、战略与工具为我国社区管理改革提供了可以借鉴的模式,即获得授权的社区、居民驱使的社区、协作型社区、企业型社区与竞争型社区。     

Analysing The Evolution Of Industry: The Relevance Of The Telecommunications Industry

This paper analyses the fundamental forces involved in the evolution of the telecommunications industry. It is suggested that there are five major forces that together drive the evolution of this industry: specialisation, competition, financial markets. endogenous consumer demand and permeable industry boundaries. An important research task is to further elaborate on the boundaries of not only the industry but of the industrial system taken as a whole.     

Schooling in a Corporate Society

This article defines a measure of the quality of life in the regional capitals of Poland and compares the results. This taxonomic measure is based on a set of diagnostic traits, including housing conditions, state of the natural environment, labor market, personal safety, and range of cultural services available. For this purpose, a set of variables from 2011 was observed for each regional capital. This research is important in defining the difference between our target cities from the standpoint of social development. It also allows us to classify the cities into groups based on the quality of life of their inhabitants.