Imperfect competition,functional forms,and the size and distribution of research benefits

The effects of functional forms for supply and demand on the size and distribution of the returns to research are examined under a range of forms of competition. Under perfect competition, the choice of functional form is relatively unimportant for the estimation of research benefits. Under imperfect competition, the combination of the choice of functional forms for supply and demand and the nature of the research-induced supply shift can have profound implications for the results. Functional form plays a much more important role than in the competitive model. The most important contrast is between the constant elasticity model and the linear model (along with various cases of a generalized linear model). These findings are illustrated using a combination of analytical results and numerical simulations.     

聚丙烯土工布原料的应用与开发

丙纶土工布是一种新型的岩土工程材料,文章介绍了其主要生产工艺,原料使用及生产现状,并对丙纶土工布原料在品种,性能,生产现状等方面存在的问题提出相应的建议。     

Monopoly Welfare Losses in the Long Run

Irrespective of the merit of any previous approaches to assess the deadweight loss due to monopoly they are all static in character and disregard the long term effects of monopoly power. Taking into account the long run consequences of monopoly power within the framework of the new growth theory yields startling new insights. In contrast to the Schumpeterian view that there is a tradeoff between static inefficiency and dynamic progressiveness monopoly power is shown to entail not only static welfare losses but also to exert an adverse influence on economic growth. Once this is granted the long run welfare loss due to monopoly can be shown to dwarf the static losses so far treated in the economics literature.     

Bioeconomics of some nonhuman and human societies: new institutional economics approach

New institutional economics (NIE) has been very successful in explaining the role of institutions such as the firm, money, and contract law in facilitating production and exchange in human societies. In this paper, I will show that the NIE approach, which so far has been used by economists to analyze institutions and organizations in human society, including the ethnically homogeneous middleman groups, can also be extended to explain the high degree of cooperation and coordination of activities of honeybees, ants, and schooling fish. In addition, the paper emphasize the importance of identity in nonhuman and human societies in eliciting cooperation and in detecting cheaters or fakers. This paper thus contribute to the integration/consilience of economics and biology by providing a more unified view of aspects of the bioeconomics of nonhuman and human societies.     

产业群内局部过度竞争的理论分析与对策

产业群强化了竞争,但是产业群内也出现了局部过度竞争。文章适时地对一般过度竞争概念加以完善,指出过度竞争存在整体与局部之分,并从产业群进入壁垒、产品差异化、社会均衡最优选择的角度出发,分析了产业群内局部过度竞争的形成机理。文章还运用塞洛普圆周模型,论证了产业群内的激烈竞争将会引起企业数目过多、价格上升等局部过度竞争现象。为了解决这些问题,文章从政府角度提出了相应的对策。     

一个关于中国地方保护主义问题的综述

本文界定了地方保护主义的概念,描述了中国的地方保护主义出现、演变的过程及现阶段的特征,分析了其导致的后果,并梳理了不同专家学者对该问题的不同的观点,认为它的出现是中国转轨阶段的产物,有一个由弱至强再到逐渐消失的过程,主要是地方政府间财政竞争与政治竞争引致了它的出现.     

资本监管对我国银行业市场竞争度的影响研究

2004年《商业银行资本充足率管理办法》颁布后,我国开始真正意义上的资本监管。统一的资本监管标准．有利于银行业市场竞争的公平性。本文通过对资本监管与银行业市场竞争度的相关性分析和Granger因果检验,探讨了资本监管对我国银行业市场竞争度的影响。结果发现,资本监管与银行业市场竞争度存在相关性,但相关系数较低,且他们之间没有明显的因果关系,我国商业银行资本监管还有待进一步的改进和完善。     

当前宏观经济形势与2004年的比较与思考

当前,国内外经济形势错综复杂。文章通过对近期和2004年中国宏观经济形势的比较,分析其中的异同,以厘清未来走势,并为宏观调控提供借鉴。两个时期部有一些相同点：中国经济从低谷走出,乐观情绪升温,房价骤涨,通胀开始抬头,中国跟随世界进人新一轮加息周期,人民币升值压力不断加大。两者不同点是：当前货币增长速度远远快于2004年。贸易顺差更大,信贷和财政状况逊色。未来,预计CPI回升势头更快,央行面临回收流动性的压力更大,贸易摩擦加剧,中美息差可能进一步扩大,人民币的升值压力将加大。     

Creating barriers for foreign competitors: a study of the impact of anti-dumping actions on the performance of U.S. firms

This study investigates whether anti-dumping statutes are effective at improving the performance of U.S. firms. As international trade grows and competitors increasingly cross national borders to enter new markets, U.S. trade law becomes a potentially important tool for managers as they consider how to create barriers for foreign competitors. The results of this study suggest that the anti-dumping laws significantly increase returns of U.S. firms that pursue anti-dumping protection. The average petitioner between 1980 and 1992 received a $46 million increase in market value as a result of filing an anti-dumping petition. However, no significant change in market value was associated with preliminary or final determinations of the International Trade Commission, except when petitions received a negative determination at the final stage of the process. A negative determination at the final stage of the process resulted in a loss of market value. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

试论地勘单位面临的形势和任务

无论是当前地矿业发展总趋势,还是国家在矿政管理、整装勘查、体制机制、地勘单位改革等方面的相关文件精神,都昭示着地勘单位在2010年将面对风险与机遇同在、优势与挑战并存的新形势。目前,地勘单位的主要任务应是:认真领会、贯彻政府关于地矿业发展的方针政策,抓住机遇,不断增强找矿能力和综合实力;立足国内,拓展境外,找大矿、找好矿,为社会经济发展提供强有力的资源保障。具体地质工作任务可概括为:"项目、矿权(即矿业权简称)、境外、服务"。