零售商买方势力：福利分析及公共政策

零售商买方势力的增强改变了产业链上制造商与零售商的传统约束方向，约束方向的改变也带来相应社会福利损失的改变。文中介绍了测量零售商买方势力大小的指标，分析了由于零售商买方势力的增长带来的社会福利状态改变和买方势力对社会效率的影响，提出了抑制零售商买方势力负面效应的对策。     

磷化氢环流熏蒸杀虫最低密闭时间的研究

磷化氢环流是一个复杂的过程,既要掌握有效的浓度,又要维持足够的密闭时间.在一定磷化氢浓度下,一次性全部杀死粮内害虫的最佳密闭时间应等于施药后磷化氢浓度上升到杀虫有效浓度的时间 杀死该粮堆内害虫成虫和幼虫的时间 杀死成虫死亡前产出的卵在此环境中的孵化时间或存在的蛹的发育时间 杀死卵孵化出的幼虫和成虫的时间.实验证实,在粮温10-24℃、磷化铝3g/m3剂量下,采取环流熏蒸措施,杀死玉米象和赤拟谷盗最低需要21d,杀死谷蠢需要26～28d.     

上市公司股权集中度与多元化关系的实证研究

多元化战略是企业广为采用和备受非议的战略,股权集中度与企业多元化的关系研究是近年来公司治理领域研究的重点和热点问题之一。本文以筛选出符合要求的531家中国上市公司样本为研究对象。对股权集中度与企业多元化变量的实证分析。结果表明:股权集中度,包括第一大股东持股比例与企业多元化呈显著U型曲线关系。     

Auditor Concentration: A Replication and Extension for the UK Audit Market 1991–1995

This paper examines the issue of auditor concentration in the UK during the period from 1991 to 1995. It shows that in 1995 the Big Six held 75% of the total number of audits and collectively earned 92% of the total audit fees. There was only a small increase in auditor concentration during the five year period, resulting from companies switching from small audit firms to Big Six and newly listed companies choosing a Big Six firm. The paper also examines auditor concentration within industries. Finally, the study assesses the measurement methods most commonly used in auditor concentration studies.     

Industry Structure and Corporate Debt Maturity

We examine how industry competition affects firms’ choice of short‐term debt. We find that the percentage of short‐term debt is positively related to industry concentration at low levels of concentration, and inversely related to industry concentration at higher levels of concentration. This nonlinear relation is stronger in industries where firms are either more homogeneous or compete more aggressively. Moreover, we find that firms with shorter‐maturity debt are less aggressive than their rivals in the product market. The overall evidence suggests that although financial contracts alleviate agency problems, they exacerbate the risk of predation.     

The impact of agricultural policy on farm income concentration: the case of regional implementation of the CAP direct payments in Italy

One of the objectives of agricultural policy worldwide concerns the support of farm income. Common Agricultural Policy direct payments (DPs) are the main instruments to support farm income in the European Union. This article addresses their role in the concentration of farm income. This is done by calculating the Gini coefficient and its disaggregation in a large sample of Italian farms in the period between 2006 and 2007. Although this approach has been used to develop ex‐post analysis in previous studies, this article is innovative given that it is used here in an ex ante analysis aimed at evaluating the likely impact of a recent reform proposal. This latter requests changing the current model to a regional model of DPs application to make payment rates (i.e., payment per hectare) homogeneous among farms in the same region. The analysis shows that DPs and farm incomes are both very concentrated but that DPs allow for an income concentration reduction in Italian farms. The shift to a regional implementation reduces DPs concentration and, to a limited extent, farm income concentration. Of the considered regionalization scenarios, those that redistribute DPs among regions are the most effective in reducing concentration. The extension of the Gini considered approach to an ex ante setting seems effective because it provides insights that could feed the policy debate regarding the forthcoming reform.     

循环水浓缩倍数的涵义及控制方法探讨

文章介绍了甲醇厂循环水系统的具体情况,探讨了浓缩倍数的涵义,并详细分析了浓缩倍数控制范围及影响因素、具体浓缩倍数的计算和控制方法。     

20Kt/a煅烧焦回转窑耐高温下料溜管技术改造的研究

介绍在大港油田20Kt/a煅烧焦厂煅烧回转窑高温下料溜管的投产使用中,针对出现的焊口开裂、高温下管体变形等一系列问题,通过焊接应力分析、高温温差应力、溜管整体结构受力分析等方法和原理,从整体结构和焊接方法两方面进行技术改造,探讨出符合大港油田20Kt/a煅烧焦60米回转窑使用要求的耐高温下料溜管制作安装方法。     

New product development in foreign customer relationships: a study of international SMEs

Abstract

This study identifies a gap in research concerning how small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can benefit from pursuing locally (rather than globally) oriented internationalization strategies. Becoming overly dependent on one single foreign market could potentially reduce the inflow and diversity of new knowledge that can serve as input for new product development. This study discusses how this risk can be minimized. In this endeavour we create a theoretical model that investigates how the local sales concentration and relationship-specific commitment of SMEs relates to new product development. To do this we draw on the behavioural internationalization process framework. The theoretical model is tested on an effective sample of 188 Swedish SMEs. The results show that relationship-specific commitment mediates the effect of local sales concentration on new product development. The implication is that investments which enable collaboration in important business relationships are crucial requisites for keeping firms innovative and in pace with market fluctuations. The findings thus contribute to international business literature by showing that a local market scope of operations combined with a relationship orientation are beneficial for new product development in international SMEs.     

中国盒融产业集聚水平测度

本文利用区位基尼系数、区位熵指数、CR5指数埘中国金融产业2001-2010年的集聚水平进行了测度。结果表明,金融业具有较为明显的集聚特征,且总体集聚程度不断增强,金融资源主要集中在于东部地区,其中北京、上海的金融集聚程度最高,而中两部地区金融集聚程度较低,在今后的发展过程中应注重金融中心的辐射效应,