Introduction to the special issue on positive conflict—Conflict and employees: The right and processes to be heard

Conflict, defined as clash, competition, or mutual interference of opposing or incompatible forces or qualities, may be positive. The appropriate amount of conflict may be a delicate balance not easily achieved. Thus, a key issue is conflict management. The major charter of this special issue is the presentation of work which suggests or demonstrates that conflict can be a positive force in the modern organization. It also is pointed out that conflict, positive or otherwise, and its resolution involves a broad spectrum of inquiry into the rights and obligations of those involved in the conflict     

营销渠道的冲突与协调研究——基于我国食品制造商和直接零售商合作博弈的实证分析

当渠道的非合作导致的冲突被逐渐认识到时,渠道成员就会有意识地开展合作。那么,合作是否确实减少了冲突,增进了协调呢？本文利用博弈理论提出六个假设,然后用现代计量方法进行实证检验,最后得出以下结论：渠道合作博弈优于非合作博弈,渠道成员间倾向于合作博弈,合作博弈下的营销渠道纵向成员（参与方）选择为地位相当者,渠道合作博弈中普遍存在隐性冲突,其程度与成员影响力的运用有关,合作博弈下的渠道成员普遍比较协调,营销渠道成员合作的协调及持续协调与诚信公平相关。     

审计正义及其凸现

审计正义是正义理论中一个重要的内容和形式,是当代经济社会发展过程中日渐凸现的一个重大伦理问题.审计正义以规范性为主要特征、从制度或体制的视角对社会正义进行审视,表达出人类对正义的追求.本文从经济学和伦理学相结合的角度阐述了正义、审计的基本内涵,论述了审计与正义的关联和冲突;从正义理论的发展、秩序和规则、现实操作等三个角度分析了审计正义凸现的背景及其意义.     

Delegation and the regulation of U.S. financial markets

We analyze the institutional determinants of U.S. financial market regulation with a general model of the policy-making process in which legislators delegate authority to regulate financial risk at both the firm and systemic levels. The model explains changes in U.S. financial regulation leading up to the financial crisis. We test the predictions of the general model with a novel, comprehensive data set of financial regulatory laws enacted specifically between 1950 and 2009. The theoretical and empirical analysis finds that economic and political factors impact Congress’ decision to delegate regulatory authority to executive agencies, which in turn impacts the stringency of financial market regulation, and our estimation results indicate that political factors may have been stronger and resulted in inefficiencies.     

债务契约冲突:投资过度或不足——来自中国制造业上市公司的经验证据

过度投资和投资不足是企业债权人与股东财务冲突最常见的两种类型。笔者以2004年～2006年中国制造业上市公司为样本实证研究发现,中国企业债权人与股东之间的财务冲突既具有一般性又具有特殊性。一般性在于债权冲突类型与企业投资项目的风险水平相关。而特殊性主要表现在冲突类型与企业所有权性质相关:即相对国有控股上市公司,民营控股上市公司存在投资不足的债权冲突;相对民营控股上市公司,国有控股上市公司长期债务存在过度投资的债权冲突。     

校企合作办学过程中利益相关者利益博弈及协调研究

在利益相关者理论的基础上,通过问卷法、深入访谈法和文本分析法分析酒店管理专业校企合作办学过程中主要利益相关者的利益冲突及其对校企合作办学的影响机制。研究发现：利益相关者的利益诉求是影响校企合作办学的重要因素;学生自身的冲突主要包括实习前的期望和实习后的满意;学生与酒店企业的利益冲突主要包括：学生对知识技能的学习和接受培训与酒店对实习生劳动力的充分利用,学生对薪酬福利的要求与酒店以较低的人力成本获得经营绩效,学生实习工作和身份需要得到价值认同和受尊重与酒店管理工作欠完善的冲突;学校与酒店的利益冲突主要包括：学校公益性质与酒店的营利和追求经营绩效,学校注重对学生培养和综合素质的提高与酒店对学生廉价劳动力的获得和人才培养的相对欠缺。最后从构建有效利益沟通协调机制、满足合理诉求及完善校企合作办学保障体系三个方面提出利益诉求协调措施,为推动校企合作办学顺利实现提供参考和借鉴。     

Time,Arbitrage, and the Law of One Price: The Case for a Paradigm Shift

Consider a Competitive, Efficient, and Frictionless Economy (CEFE) where resources are scarce at any date, and hence money as a valid claim against scarce resources is also scarce. In this economy, there is always price competition, which can at any date generate an unlimited number of arbitrage opportunities. For example, at any date, opportunities can exist to buy and sell each one of the contracts for delivery of the same good or asset at multiple prices currently as well as on an infinite number of future dates. I prove all arbitrage transactions, including “spot” transactions, tie up arbitrageurs’ capital representing money, good or asset such that this capital cannot be used for any other purpose for a non-zero quantity of time. This makes it impossible to exploit all arbitrage opportunities with the scarce capital available at any date and leads to an infinite number of unexploited opportunities and a non-negligible opportunity cost of the capital tied-up in arbitrage transactions, represented by each arbitrageur’s best missed arbitrage opportunity, if no better opportunity exits, hence the breakdown of the law of one price in its standard sense. This helps construct a new paradigm of CEFE which resolves long-standing theoretical, empirical, and experimental puzzles.     

Resource conflict detection and removal strategy for nondeterministic emergency response processes using Petri nets

Correctness of an emergency response process specification is critical to emergency mission success. Therefore, errors in the specification should be detected and corrected at build-time. In this paper, we propose a resource conflict detection approach and removal strategy for emergency response processes constrained by resources and time. In this kind of emergency response process, there are two timing functions representing the minimum and maximum execution time for each activity, respectively, and many activities require resources to be executed. Based on the RT_ERP_Net, the earliest time to start each activity and the ideal execution time of the process can be obtained. To detect and remove the resource conflicts in the process, the conflict detection algorithms and a priority-activity-first resolution strategy are given. In this way, real execution time for each activity is obtained and a conflict-free RT_ERP_Net is constructed by adding virtual activities. By experiments, it is proved that the resolution strategy proposed can shorten the execution time of the whole process to a great degree.     

The influence of service orientation discrepancy between managers and employees on employees’ affective outcomes

This study attempted to relate service orientation discrepancy (SOD) between employees and managers to employees’ affective reactions [role conflict (RC), role ambiguity (RA), job satisfaction (JS), and organizational commitment (OC)] in the restaurant industry. The findings of the study indicate that there is a SOD between managers and employees; employees saw themselves as more enthusiastic and less bureaucratic than managers. When this SOD was correlated with employee outcomes such as RC, RA, JS, and OC, the results indicated that SOD had a direct effect on RC, JS and OC. SOD also had indirect effects on JS, and OC through RC and RA. RC had a direct effect on JS and an indirect effect on OC. RA had a direct effect on JS. Finally, JS had a direct effect on OC.     

论婚姻家庭中夫妻话语冲突及其应对策略

夫妻话语冲突在我国普遍存在,它是造成婚姻家庭成员之间不和谐的主要因素。作为话语研究中新的课题,国外研究者对夫妻话语冲突问题进行了大量研究,但还没有引起国内研究者的足够重视。夫妻话语冲突不仅直接影响两性和谐、婚姻质量,也间接影响孩子的成长与健康发展。本文拟结合语言学、心理学、社会学的相关理论观点,从表现、成因及应对三方面探讨我国婚姻家庭中夫妻话语冲突问题。