伪满时期东北农业雇工研究

伪满时期,由于日本帝国主义的入侵,影响和改变了东北农村的社会经济结构和农民的生存环境.雇工(或雇农)作为东北农民社会的一个阶层,在这期间经历了极为显著的变化,诸如雇农数量激增;雇农内部结构发生变化;雇佣劳动在农业劳动中所占比率上升;雇农群地域分布的不平衡性;雇工形态及雇工工资的变化;雇工家庭生活水平的下降等.     

旅行社的旅游线路优化设置问题探讨

尽管在旅游线路的设计过程中需要解决的问题很多,但从优化的角度而言,如何设计出一条能实现出发地与目的地间的最短路径目标,便是其中的最为关键性的一个问题。由于不同的交通方式的不同组合能对应着不同的路程、时间与成本问题,因而,如何通过有效的选择来形成最佳的旅游线路也就有了相当的必要性。此外,在旅游线路设计与安排过程中,旅行社除了要合理安排和规划旅游线路的长度以力求不走回头路、不走冤枉路和形成有效的闭合回路外,还需充分考虑到其中的线路在时间安排上的合理问题;否则,再好的线路安排也会失去其内在的价值与影响力。     

Generalized piecewise linear histograms

We extend the concept of piecewise linear histogram introduced recently by Beirlant, Berlinet and Györfi. The disadvantage of that histogram is that in many models it takes on negative values with probability close to 1. We show that for a wide set of models, the extended class of estimates contains a bona fide density with probability tending to 1 as the sample size n increases to infinity. The mean integrated absolute error in the extended class of estimators decreases with the same rate n^–2/5 as in the original narrower class.     

现代企业财务风险的测定和防范

在市场竞争环境下，现代企业面临的各种风险不断增多，财务风险作为企业特有的风险日益突出，是企业利用融资财务杠杆的直接后果，企业必须重视财务风险的测定和防范，以增强企业财务实力。     

Regional job-turnover and industrial policy. a note on a potential time pattern of regional industrial policies and their job effects - the case of the german city-state of bremen

Many regions have experienced long-run economic fluctuations generated by the life cycles of their dominant industrial clusters. During the downswings in the 1970s and 1980s, proactive structural policies were typically launched in German regions to combat job losses in their core clusters and to create new jobs in new industries. With respect to the German State of Bremen, this paper provides empirical evidence of: (1) a long-run regional downswing; (2) the potential job effects of proactive regional industrial policy programmes in terms of increasing regional employment, by safeguarding jobs in the regional core industries and creating new jobs in new growth industries; and (3) a time pattern in the job effects, which are related to the different generations of programmes.     

战后日本对外贸易发展的动态比较优势分析

二战后日本经济从一片废墟中迅速崛起成功跻身于发达国家行列，其对外贸易在战后的50多年间一直保持着稳定的增长。日本出口商品结构沿着劳动密集型、资本密集型、知识和技术密集型的轨迹发展，逐步升级，顺应了世界经济产业结构调整的步伐，为其对外贸易的持续发展奠定了坚实的基础。日本对外贸易遵循的是动态比较优势原理，其经验对我国当前外贸发展具有重要的借鉴意义。     

The Tax‐smoothing Hypothesis: Evidence from Sweden, 1952–1999

This paper tests Barro's (1979) tax‐smoothing hypothesis using Swedish central government data for the period 1952–1999. According to the tax‐smoothing hypothesis, the government sets the budget surplus equal to expected changes in government expenditure. When expenditure is expected to increase, the government runs a budget surplus, and when expenditure is expected to fall, the government runs a budget deficit. The empirical evidence suggests that the model provides a useful benchmark and that tax‐smoothing behavior can explain about 60 percent of the variability in the Swedish central government budget surplus.     

Optimal Contracts for Central Bankers: Inflation versus Money Supply and Exchange Rate Targets

Some recent papers have shown how a simple contract can eliminate the inflationary bias of discretionary monetary policy. This paper shows that if the central banker is risk averse, a contract in terms of money is superior to one in terms of inflation. The paper also shows that, if the central banker cares about his reappointment, an exchange rate target might always leads to the implementation of the optimal policy.     

论科研选题应注意的几个问题

科研选题要善于把握选题的原别和导向，注意课题的研究动态，把握课题的研究范围，发挥出科研人员的优势，设计出切实可行的研究路线。     

Use of Statistics in the Monetary Policy of the Czech National Bank: The Case of a Country in Transition

In the presented text the authors judge the importance of statistics in the monetary policy of the Czech National Bank (CNB) over the course of the economic transformation process, with particular consideration of changing statistical needs and the possibilities and limits of statistical data exploitation in the monetary analyses. The importance of statistics lies on the level of collection and processing of statistical information and on the level of use of statistical methods to analyse data. Since the start of the 1990s the requirements for statistics were significantly influenced by monetary policy. In the period 1990–1997, monetary targeting was the primary influential factor. Since 1998, the monetary policy is influenced by inflation targeting. Statistical priorities switched from monetary data to economy and financial market data. Much progress has been made in the use of statistical methods for analysing data. Statistics available at present cover the CNB's standard monetary-policy requirements and are on par with those in developed countries. Its further development will reflect the standard changes taking place in the more advanced countries.