Examining the influencing factors of intention to share accommodations in online hospitality exchange networks

ABSTRACT

CouchSurfing is a free social-network-based online hospitality exchange network, aptly representing a new sharing economy phenomenon. Based on social capital theory and previous literature, this study attempts to answer why hosts help strangers without any expected economic benefit within online hospitality exchange networks. An empirical study based on a Web survey conducted with CouchSurfing hosts reveals that the most identified antecedents (enjoy helping, shared narratives, desire to make friends, and reciprocity) are significantly related to hosts’ intention to share accommodations. Interestingly, the overshadowing effect of trust in CouchSurfing on the intention to share accommodations is also found.     

廉租房建设与国家宏观经济

通过对公建廉租房对宏观经济影响的分析,论证政府在城市化高速发展阶段大规模介入房地产的必要性.同时,提出了政府公建住宅建设需要的其他配套政策.文章认为,中国应当取消经济适用房建设,并把廉租房建设上升为国家战略,一揽子解决高速城市化阶段社会财富再分配、公共秩序建立、劳动力就业、金融泡沫风险等一些战略层面的问题.通过扩大内部需求市场,将国际经济竞争的主战场从国外的"客场"转向国内的"主场".把我国经济的成长更多地建立在自主的基础上,从而掌握更多的经济主权.     

Political hazards and firms' geographic concentration

Research summary : We examine the relationship between the geographic concentration of a firm's sales and the firm's vulnerability to expropriation hazards. Although expanding outside the home location can initially increase a firm's exposure to government expropriation, we find that this effect reverses when a firm's sales outside its home location have reached a point at which it has sufficient resources to better influence government actions and to pose a credible threat to exit the market in which it is being targeted. We supplement this main result by identifying two moderating factors: the firm's level of political capital and the effectiveness of institutional constraints on government behavior. We find support for these hypotheses from survey data on privately owned enterprises in China. Managerial summary : This research advises firm managers that certain market activities might knock their firms' economic interests out of alignment with the government's political interests, and thus, influence the political hazards they face, particularly in emerging markets such as China, which has attracted strong interest of many firms with respect to entering the market. Here, all else being equal, the firms' geographic concentration exposes them to different levels of state expropriation—but not in a simple linear fashion as suggested by the conventional wisdom of local protectionism or that of the bargaining advantage generated by the threat of relocation: Those who are “stuck in the middle” ended up paying twice or even three times as much unauthorized levies as the purely local or the most expansive firms. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

How middle managers manage the political environment to achieve market goals: Insights from China's state‐owned enterprises

Research summary: Although the middle management literature has identified various bridging roles performed by middle managers in the market environment, it is relatively vague about whether and how they manage the political environment to achieve market‐related goals. In an inductive field study of four large state‐owned enterprises based in mainland Communist China, operational middle managers were found to take an active role in dealing with political actors to achieve market efficiency in their local environments, performing two distinct bridging strategies. Our field study suggests that middle managers are better equipped than their bosses (top executives) as well as their subordinates (frontline employees) to perform the bridging function between competing market and political imperatives in various local settings. Managerial summary: For firms that operate in diverse geographies, it is challenging for a handful of top executives to deal with numerous political actors. This burden could be shared with operational middle managers, who play a bridging role by drawing on their operational knowledge and local networks. Our research on middle managers who work under the scrutiny of political actors in China found that they bridge market and political ideology by conveying common features that seem legitimate to both. They also bridge market goals and political actors with personal affect. Compared to top executives and frontline employees, middle managers have unique advantages in performing these bridging functions. Firms can enhance their strategy execution ability by training middle managers in dealing with political actors in diverse contexts. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

CEO political ideologies and pay egalitarianism within top management teams

Research summary : We examine the influence of CEO and compensation committee liberalism on top management teams (TMT ) pay arrangements. Given that politically liberal individuals tend to value egalitarianism, we test whether firms with liberal CEO s tend to (1) reduce pay dispersion among non‐CEO executives; and (2) reduce pay gaps between CEO and non‐CEO executives, and whether compensation committee liberalism moderates these relationships. We find some evidence of a direct effect of CEO liberalism on TMT pay arrangements as well as some interaction between CEO and compensation committee liberalism on the pay arrangements. This study provides a better understanding of the antecedents of TMT pay arrangements and empirical evidence showing the influence of values at the top of organization . Managerial summary : Do the values of the CEO and compensation committee influence the pay of other top managers? Our study provides evidence that political ideology affects top manager pay. We examine whether CEO liberalism produces more egalitarian pay arrangements among top managers, and whether the liberalism of the compensation committee affects that relationship. We find that CEO liberalism reduces differences in the total pay among top managers, but does not influence the difference between CEO total pay and the total pay of top managers. We also find that compensation committee liberalism strengthens the negative influence of CEO liberalism on differences in total pay among top managers. Finally, we find that CEO liberalism reduces the difference between CEO bonus pay and the bonus pay of other top managers . Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国经济升级版的评价指标体系构建、测度与阶段甄别

改革开放以来,中国经济取得了举世瞩目的成绩,而随之引起的弊端也日益凸显,经济转型和经济升级成为刻不容缓的任务之一。本文选取1995～2014年中国20年间的统计数据,利用层次分析法,从人民幸福感程度、结构优化程度、可持续发展能力、外向型经济、创新驱动能力方面考察中国经济阶段性特征,再运用系统聚类分析,进一步探索出中国在这20年间历经的经济升级状况及发展趋势,最后提出中国经济再次升级的动力源泉在于提高民生保障水平、科技创新、绿色产业、发展服务业、构建全方位开放新格局。     

A green economy indicator framework for tourism destinations

This paper presents a green economy indicator framework for tourism destinations which has been developed in the case study destination of Bali, Indonesia. Whilst the term “green economy” can have many interpretations, here it refers to the global strategy framework surrounding Rio+20, as well as the policies and strategies being developed by tourism destinations as a response. Many uncertainties remain about the effectiveness of these efforts and how they may be measured. For lesser developed countries in particular, reliable data is often difficult to obtain and this study uses a case study approach to identify the relevant, and measurable, indicators in this context. First, a nominal group technique was applied to identify the green economy issues for local tourism stakeholders. The indicators were then selected based on the green economy literature and a review of the available secondary data for the destination. Data on greenhouse gas emissions from tourism was identified as one of the critical gaps and an estimate is provided to show how this could be obtained and monitored. While this indicator framework was developed specifically for Bali, the case study may be relevant for many other island destinations in the lesser developed world that are experiencing rapid tourism growth.     

中国省域森林公园技术效率测算与分析

文章借助数据包络分析方法（DEA）,利用2003～2008年的数据,对我国森林公园发展的效率进行研究,为我国森林公园旅游资源的优化配置和运行效率的提高提供参考依据,并测算了31个省区的技术效率、纯技术效率和规模效率,比较了它们之间的差异。结果显示,从全国来看,森林公园的技术效率较高;从个体来看,不同省区森林公园的技术效率存在较大的差异,上海、浙江、广西、广东等省区的技术效率较高;宁夏、内蒙古、安徽等省区的技术效率较低。通过优化投入规模与结构、人员培训等措施能够在一定程度上提高我国森林公园整体的技术效率。     

基于"标杆管理"的海南远景经济指标预测

在海南远期经济指标的预测过程中,时间跨度较大,经济社会发展的不确定因素很多,利用传统的数学模型不易把握其发展态势,难以预测。借鉴管理学上“标杆管理”的模式成功地对海南远景经济指标进行了分析预测,该思路同样适用于其他区域经济远景指标的预测。     

创造力经济背景下的企业创业型战略管理

知识经济进一步深化,一种被称为创造力的经济形态开始出现,在创造力经济背景下,企业的战略管理需要加以调整,战略竞争优势的获取应该通过创造新的优势来实现而非简单的维持已有优势。