Default contagion and systemic risk in loan guarantee networks

This paper studies systemic risk in the Chinese debt market stemming from inter‐corporate loan guarantees using field data from Zhejiang Province. We apply a weighted and directed network model to analyse the implications for default contagion and systemic risk under different stress testing scenarios. The empirical results indicate that the topology of the loan guarantee network is close to a ‘scale‐free’ structure, which is known to be robust against accidental failures but vulnerable to coordinated attacks. Hence, the network is able to cope with idiosyncratic shocks resulting from single company failures, but can easily suffer from more widespread contagion if a group of systemically important companies are hit by a targeted shock. We further demonstrate that within our sample of small and medium‐sized enterprise (SME) companies, increasing leverage reduces network stability and exacerbates the effects of contagion. More lenient bank lending policies increase the survival rate of sample companies and thereby reduce the losses from default contagion.     

Efficiency,Cointegration and Contagion in Equity Markets: Evidence from China,Japan and South Korea*

This paper empirically examines whether three East Asian stock markets, namely, those of China, Japan and South Korea, are individually and/or jointly efficient, and whether contagion exists between the cointegrated markets. While individual market efficiency is examined through testing for the random walk hypothesis, joint market efficiency is examined through testing for cointegration and contagion. The present study finds that the hypothesis of individual market efficiency is strongly rejected for the Chinese stock market, but not for the Japanese and the South Korean stock markets. However, when testing for cointegration, market efficiency is strongly rejected for all these markets. We take a simple case of contagion and find that although there is a long‐term relationship among the three markets, the contagion hypothesis cannot be rejected only between Japanese and South Korean stock markets, indicating short‐run portfolio diversification benefits from these two markets.     

美国金融危机对我国股市的传染渠道及效应——基于VAR模型和BEKK模型的检验

采用VAR和BEKK模型研究了美国金融危机前后美国股票市场、货币市场、汇率市场与我国股市收益率之间的均值及波动溢出效应,并通过对比危机前后溢出效应的变化,分析了其是否对我国股市产生了传染效应。研究发现,通过美国股市、货币市场和汇率市场,金融危机对我国股市收益率均值水平的传染效应显著,仅通过美国货币市场金融危机对我国股市波动性的传染效应显著。     

信用违约风险传染建模

在信用组合中,企业的违约是相互随机依赖的。除了来自宏观经济因素的影响,即因果传染;还有一种影响来自于企业间的直接相互关系,我们称其为信用违约传染。在目前,席卷全球的次贷风暴,就是一个信用风险传染的实例。到目前为止,人们尝试了从不同角度为违约传染建模,特别是从简约模型角度出发。本文从结构模型角度出发,为信用违约传染建模。并在此模型基础上,分析其对信用衍生品定价的影响。     

Guilty by association: The risk of crisis contagion

Crisis contagion, or how a crisis spreads from one company to another, has received very little attention from researchers. This is surprising as the negative consequences of crisis contagion can be significant when customers make assumptions of guilt by association. This article focuses on this important issue and describes four risk factors—country of origin, industry, organizational type, and positioning strategy—that increase the likelihood of crisis contagion. Valuable guidance is also provided on whether a company should issue a denial or remain silent if it faces the risk of crisis contagion.     

中国城市房价泡沫区制特征及其非对称溢出效应研究

基于单位根右侧ADF泡沫检验方法（BSADF）对中国一、二、三线城市在2010-2016年期间的住宅价格泡沫程度进行动态监测,进而比较各线城市房价泡沫分布特征差异,最后采用马尔科夫区制转换向量自回归模型（MS-VAR）来分析一、二、三线城市住宅价格泡沫之间在不同区制下的交互溢出效应。研究结果表明：在整个时期内,一、二、三线城市住宅市场均出现多次周期性泡沫,但差异明显;一、二、三线城市房价泡沫程度依次降低。一线城市住宅价格泡沫会向二、三线城市传染,而二、三线城市住宅价格泡沫之间会相互传染。一、二、三线城市住宅价格泡沫均存在三种区制（负泡沫、潜伏、膨胀）状态,各线城市住宅价格泡沫之间存在区制依赖的非对称溢出效应。     

国内外黄金市场风险传染的实证研究

以国际黄金市场上具有代表性的伦敦黄金现货价格和我国上海黄金交易所的黄金现货价格作为研究对象,利用多元GARCH模型对国内外黄金市场的风险传染机制进行了实证研究。结果表明：伦敦黄金市场对我国黄金市场存在单方向的均值溢出效应;从波动溢出效应来看,伦敦黄金市场对我国黄金市场的风险传染强于我国黄金市场对伦敦黄金市场的风险传染,存在着风险传染的非对称性。     

I don't want to be a rule enforcer during the COVID-19 pandemic: Frontline employees' plight

This research explores the pandemic-related experiences of frontline employees (FLEs) relative to customer rule-enforcement interactions within retail and service industries. Using a survey, incorporating closed-ended and CIT questions, we investigated, from the FLEs' perspectives, the occupational stress of rule-enforcement, company expectations of FLEs regarding rule enforcement, and the emotional impact of customer interactions on FLEs. Results indicate that several customer misbehaviors, such as not following rules and being rude, produce significant occupational stress. Further, based on our CIT assessments, many of the FLEs’ recounted rule-enforcement incidents involved negative customer reactions, translating to heightened negativity for FLEs due to emotional contagion.