The Competitive Impact of Commercial Bank Underwriting on the Market for Municipal Revenue Bonds

This paper examines the impact of commercial bank entry in the market for municipal revenue bonds. We show that issues underwritten by commercial banks have lower underwriter spreads but not lower yields relative to issues underwritten by nonbank investment firms. In particular, this is more significant for non-investment-grade bonds underwritten by commercial banks. Our results are consistent with the interpretation that bank entry has resulted in increased competition in the municipal revenue bond market and that the lower yields observed for bank-underwritten commercial bonds may be due to banks having private information. Overall, our results suggest that policy changes leading to the relaxation of restrictive provisions concerning bank underwriting of municipal revenue bonds have had beneficial effects.     

债券融资发展中的信用评级

信用评级与债券融资相伴而生，并促进了债券融资的发展。从我国资本市场发展的趋势看，无论从客观要求还是完善信用评级自身之需要，加强我国信用评级的建设都极为重要。本从信用评级产生发展的角度，探讨信用评级在债券融资发展中的作用。     

New bond pricing models with applications to Japanese data

In this paper, the cross-sectional bond pricing model for individual bonds Kariya (1993) proposed by formulating stochastic discount function (term structure) is first applied to Japanese Government bond (JG-bond) data. The model performs very well as it stands. Second, we generalize the cross-sectional model to two types of time-dependent Markov models (TDM's) with the term structure of discount rates of each bond att being dependent on the one att−1, and apply them to the same data to find significantly improved results over those of the cross-sectional model. In fact, almost all the differences between actual prices and model values are less than 0.5 yen in each month over 12 years, implying that the error rate is less than 0.5%. On the basis of our analysis, we propose a TDM as a model for JG-bond trading.     

基于我国国债回购市场的利率预期理论检验

本文在给出利率期限结构预期假说的定义及其推论的基础上，利用单位根和协整检验方法对上交所国债回购市场的利率数据进行了检验，结果表明国债回购利率序列均为一阶单整，由各个国债回购利率所构成的利率系统仅由一个共同的随机趋势驱动，因此得出利率预期假说在我国国债回购市场是有效的结论。本文利用向量误差修正模型对各个国债回购利率的估计结果进一步验证了这一点。     

The Role and Impact of Financial Advisors in the Market for Municipal Bonds

Significantly more and more issuers of municipal bonds use the services of financial advisors during the bond issuance process. We investigate the benefits to issuers and market participants arising from the role of financial advisors in the issuance of municipal bonds. Using a large sample of 9,493 tax-exempt municipal bonds, we show that financial advisors have significant impact on borrowing costs, reoffering yields and underwriter gross spreads. Our results are more pronounced for revenue bonds, particularly for negotiated revenue issues. In addition, our results show significant advantages to using a financial advisor for refunding issues supporting the view that financial advisors play important roles for more complex issues. Our results are consistent with the interpretation that financial advisors provide important and useful services resulting in monitoring and information asymmetry reduction benefits accruing to issuers and market participants.      

Pricing growth-indexed bonds

Growth-indexed bonds have been suggested as a way of reducing the procyclicality of emerging-market countries’ fiscal policies and the likelihood of costly debt crises. Investor attitude surveys suggest that pricing difficulties are seen as a considerable obstacle. In an effort to reduce such concerns, this article presents a simple way of pricing growth-indexed bonds. As a pleasant by-product, the analysis tracks the quantitative implications of an increase in the share of growth-indexed bonds in total debt, measuring the ensuing decline in the probability of default and the reduction in the spreads at which standard bonds can be issued.     

上交所与银行间国债市场的新券效应及比较

新券效应与国债品种特征、投资者行为和市场微观结构均有密切关系.上交所和银行间国债市场的新券效应不仅存在共同点,也存在明显差异.在交易额占比最大的基准国债品种上,两个市场均表现出显著的新券效应.但由于投资者行为存在差异,上交所国债市场的新券效应更倾向于中长期国债品种,而银行间国债市场的新券效应更倾向于短期国债品种.而且,上交所国债市场的指令驱动交易方式便于连续交易和信息披露,方便考察新券效应,而银行间国债市场仅能在较短时间内考察新券效应.在上交所国债市场上,中长期国债与国债回购的利差更大,有利于现券回购套利投资,中长期新券吸引套利投资者积极参与,也促进了新券效应.     

影响企业短期融资券发行定价的因素

本文运用偏相关分析、多元回归方法等对企业短期融资券发行定价的各种影响因素进行分析,试图找出我国承销商和发行人在确定发行价格时应考虑的主要因素,以及这些因素对发行定价的影响程度,从而为首次公开发行定价真正走向市场化提供指导。研究结果表明,企业所有制性质、央行票据发行利率、行业特征、发行规模等因素显著影响发行价格,流动性风险是发行市场考虑的重要因素,而发行主体的偿债能力、主承销商声誉等级等对发行价格的影响不显著。     

公司债市场是新常态下证券市场的风险信号标吗？——基于公司债与股票市场间风险溢出的研究

以发行债券的上市公司为样本,分别编制公司债指数与股票指数,据此运用Copula-CoVaR模型测度公司债与股票市场间风险溢出的方向与强度。结果发现：股票市场的风险大于公司债市场;公司债与股票市场间存在双向不对称的正向风险溢出,公司债市场对股票市场的风险溢出强度显著强于股票市场对公司债市场的风险溢出强度。经济新常态下,公司债市场成为证券市场的风险指示标,具有较强的风险信号作用。     

可转换债券的交换期权定价模型

可转换债券是一种内含期权结构的特殊金融产品。通过对可转换债券内含期权性质的研究 ,发现可转换债券内含的将债券转换成股票的期权不是一般的标准期权 ,而是一种期权的买方有权将一个资产转化为另一个资产的奇异期权———交换期权。以往对可转换债券的定价研究 ,很少对可转换债券内含期权的这一特点加以重视。因此 ,从对交换期权的定价角度入手 ,通过分别对构成可转换债券的无期权债券和期权的定价方法 ,推导可转换债券的定价模型