可转换债券定价模型

近期,发行可转换债券成为企业比较青睐的一种融资方式。我们可以根据无套利均衡原理来确定可转换债券的价值。由于转换和赎回具有期权的性质,因此,本文试图把可转换债券的定价纳入Black—Sc hole期权定价的框架下,建立一个理论模型。我们可以根据可转换债券的有关条款及其标的股票来确定模型部分参数,并利用微分方程的数值技术来计算可转换债券的价值。     

财政的政策性职能何去何从？

单纯调整总量关系的财政政策定位已经不能适用需要，长期性，战略性，体制性因素巳成为影响供求平衡的主要因素。财政政策应当在资本退出的补偿援助上发挥更大的作用，对过剩生产能力可施行政策性收购。财政要“积极”承担改革成本，可用发长债的收入直接支付改革过程中的转转代价，比较少的财政资源调动更多增量资源向落后地区集中，有必要探索“地方发债、中央贴息”的方法。     

Signalling under intertemporal resolution of uncertainty: Distinguishing debt-with-warrants from similar offerings

This article extends existing static analyses of debt-with-warrants' ability to signal by considering the intertemporal resolution of uncertainty. Provided that managers seek to minimize residual risk while correctly signalling prospects, callable bonds-with-warrants can prove strictly superior to analogous offerings of pure debt or of debt-with-equity. Because our intertemporal structure allows bonds to be called while warrants remain outstanding, these complicated offerings can also be successfully discriminated from convertible bonds. Managers can further accentuate dissipation of residual risk by simultaneously issuing debt-with-warrants and buying down existing equity (through share repurchase or cash dividends).The authors express our appreciation to Charlie Jacklin for discussions concerning this material. Our thanks also go to an anonymous referee atRQFA who helped us to refine our final product.Much of the work for this paper was conducted while Professor Robbins was a Visiting Research Scholar at Stanford GSB.     

美国债券定向发行制度研究及启示——兼论我国中小企业债券融资制度建设

最近,我国债券相关主管机关正积极研究债券定向发行制度。该制度的立法本源是通过构建适合具有自我保护能力的投资者的发行豁免或简化制度,提高融资效率,形成多层次的融资渠道。美国从发行、转售和清算结算及登记托管等环节对定向发行制度进行了全面系统的规范。而我国的债券定向发行制度规定过于简单,条块分割明显,实践效果差。本文建议借鉴美国相关制度,完善我国债券的定向发行制度。     

准市政债券的形成机理、运行与发展

在中国债券市场上,债券品种的结构性缺陷导致“准市政债券”现象日益引人关注。在归纳准市政债券运行特征的基础上,详细剖析了其形成机理和潜在风险,并把其认定为我国当前经济环境下特有的金融产品。关于准市政债券的未来发展方向,建议通过基础设施融资体制的改革来带动准市政债券的改革,而非本末倒置。     

风险投资的控制权分配与双边道德风险激励

在风险投资过程中,由于信息的不对称以及不确定因素的存在,努力的不对称性和对剩余索取权的安排使得风险投资家与创业企业家都有动机谋求私人收益,从而导致双边道德风险的形成。文章回顾了关于风险投资中双边道德风险的研究,为了克服单纯契约工具都不能完全解决风险投资中双边道德风险的问题,指出将可转换证券和控制权相机安排结合起来,可以为双方提供激励,解决风险投资中的双边道德风险问题。     

Bond offerings in China

This study appraises the value created by a bond offering in China, where high levels of state ownership and insider ownership raise concerns about the use of the proceeds. To estimate the impact of a bond issue on the firm's value, we apply an event‐study methodology on a sample of 481 issues of 347 Chinese companies over the period 2009–2013. It turns out that state ownership has a positive impact on the value of a bond offering for shareholders, which is consistent with an implicit guarantee of the issue by the state. For privately owned companies, insider ownership exerts a nonlinear impact on the firm's value, supporting an aligning effect in the use of the proceeds. Overall, the study confirms the key role of ownership structure in Chinese firms.     

Firm financing and growth in the Arab region

This paper documents how firms in Arab countries use equity, corporate bond and syndicated loan markets to obtain financing and grow. Working with a new dataset on issuance activity in domestic and international markets and firm performance, the paper finds that capital raising through these markets has grown rapidly since the early 1990s and involved an increasing number of firms. Whereas the amounts raised in equity and loan markets (relative to gross domestic product) stand well relative to international standards, bond issuance activity lags behind. However, bond financing has gained importance over time. Equity issuances take place primarily in domestic markets, whereas bonds and loans are mostly issued internationally, display long maturities and entail low levels of credit risk. Issuing firms from the Arab region are very large compared to international standards. They also tend to be larger, faster growing and more leveraged than non-issuing firms in Arab countries.