The synergistic effects of maltodextrin and high‐fructose corn sweetener 90 in a fat‐reduced muffin

Low‐fat muffins were prepared using as fat substitutes a combination of maltodextrin and high‐fructose corn sweetener 90 (HFCS‐90), which replaced sucrose at a rate of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. The focus of the investigation was to determine the synergistic effects of these two ingredients on the physical properties in a low‐fat muffin. Results indicated that maltodextrin and HFCS‐90 were effective in maintaining moisture and water activity (a_w) levels similar (P > 0.05) to the full‐fat muffin. Texture profiles indicated that the low‐fat variations were firmer (P < 0.05) than the full‐fat counterpart. Increased levels of HFCS‐90 had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on crust and crumb darkening. Maltodextrin alone significantly (P < 0.05) impeded the staling rate during storage. However, when maltodextrin was combined with increased levels of HFCS‐90, the staling rate accelerated. The two ingredients were found to be effective in maintaining product quality, but HFCS‐90 could only be used up to a 50% replacement before any adverse effects in product quality were observed.     

玉米生产规模和价格波动关系浅析

粮食价格与产量的波动是市场经济的常态,认识中国粮食价格与产量的波动规律,为宏观经济调控提供理论依据,是经济学的热点之一。结合1998—2008年相关数据,运用传统的蛛网模型研究中国玉米产量和价格的自发波动规律,得出了由市场调节的玉米产量和价格的关系,从而浅析如何稳定玉米生产,同时提出了相应的政策措施。     

Beyond Illinois Brick: The Law and Economics of Cost Pass-Through in the ADM Price Fixing Case

This article reviews the legal standards and theeconomics of pass-through to indirect purchasers andillustrates these principles with a case involving ADMin the market for high fructose corn syrup (HFCS).With three assumptions about production technologies,buyers of HFCS experience a 100 percent pass throughof the direct overcharge. The extent of pass throughof the increase by buyers is shown to dependcritically upon the market structure of the purchasingindustry and the shape of the retail demand curve. Flexible demand functional forms are needed to avoidconstraining estimated pass through rates.     

Dynamic interfeed substitution: implications for incorporating ethanol byproducts into feedlot rations

This study examines interfeed substitution with a focus on the relationship between distiller’s dried grain with solubles (DDGS) and traditional feed grains. The dynamic linear logit model is used for the empirical analysis of interfeed substitution. The estimation results reveal that an increase in livestock and poultry outputs reduces the relative shares of corn and soybean meal to DDGS. The estimated adjustment rate indicates that the demand for feed grains is responsive in the short run with about 37% of the long-run response. This study also finds that the demand for corn and soybean meal remains inelastic even in the long run, showing the possibilities that livestock and poultry producers face high feed costs in response to an increase in the prices of corn and soybean meal. The pressures on feed costs can be alleviated by the substitutable relationship between DDGS and corn, but the substitution of DDGS for corn has a potential to provide livestock and poultry with different nutritional contents.     

玉米产后流通中减损降耗应关注的主要环节

玉米是我国主要粮食品种,在不断提高产量的同时,研究减少玉米产后损失,降低粮食损耗和流通成本,对于确保粮食安全和提高玉米原粮品质具有重要的作用。     

超声辅助提取玉米醇溶蛋白的优化

本实验以黑玉米为原料,研究超声辅助提取黑糯玉米醇溶蛋白的方案,设计单因素试验和三因素三水平正交试验。用BCA方法测量醇溶蛋白的含量,结果表明:在30 min,30℃,乙醇浓度为60%时,醇溶蛋白的提取率最高。     

提高农民收入的玉米生产技术选择途径分析

在黄祖辉、刘进宝等人研究的基础上,从理论和实证两个方面分析了玉米技术进步与农民收入之间的负相关关系,采用计量经济模型计算出玉米供给弹性与需求弹性之差约为0.27,充分证明了技术进步对农民收入增长产生了负面影响。在实证分析基础上,对这一现象进行了理论分析,认为玉米为缺乏弹性的农产品,应从减少玉米供给曲线右移幅度和推动玉米需求曲线右移两个方面提出既能够增加玉米产量又能够增加农民收入的措施。     

浅论商代的饮食

从甲骨文和考古资料看,商代先民的饮食已发展到一定的水平,有了主食和副食之分,禾(粟)、黍、麦、稻、高粱就是商人的五大粒食品种,肉和蛋乃是商代主要的副食。较为成熟的造酒技术还使得商贵族阶层乃至中上层平民在吃五谷肉蛋的同时还能够食有酒肉,甚至在炎热的酷暑里,能够喝到冷饮。     

A Spatial Econometric Approach to the Economics of Site-Specific Nitrogen Management in Corn Production

The objective of this study is to determine the potential for using spatial econometric analysis of combine yield monitor data to estimate the site-specific crop response functions. The specific case study is for site-specific nitrogen (N) application to corn production in Argentina. Spatial structure of the yield data is modeled with landscape variables, spatially autoregressive error and groupwise heteroskedasticity. Results suggest that N response differs by landscape position, and that site-specific application may be modestly profitable. Profitability depends on the model specification used, with all spatial models consistently indicating profitability, whereas the nonspatial models do not.     

优化农业资源配置 再建生产基地

依据兴义市的农业资源,以市场为导向,用可持续发展战略的理念,培育农业企业,再建玉米笋等6个有机农业产业基地,增强农业经济的支撑作用,实现兴义市"三化一业"之农业产业化的目标,促进县域经济发展。