Emerging Consensus on Labour Market Institutions and Implications for Developing Countries: From the Debates in India

Abstract

This paper makes a critical intervention to on-going theoretical and policy debates in the economic analysis of labour market institutions (LMIs) in the context of recent debates in India. It focuses on the internal inconsistency of mainstream economic analyses of LMIs, in particular those based on the new institutional economics (NIE) approach, and what appears to be an emerging policy consensus on LMIs within the World Bank and the International Labour Organization (ILO). The paper draws out the possible ideological parallels in these two developments, despite different intellectual origins and intentions of those engaged in these debates. A corresponding modification in policy debates in India is observed in the shifting perspectives from the Second National Commission on Labour (SNCL) to the National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector (NCEUS). The apparent emerging consensus in both the theoretical literature and policy debates reveals the tendency for researchers to focus on labour market outcomes and phenomenal forms of LMIs rather than the structures, processes, agencies and relations that underpin them. While this can be seen as an advancement from the traditional distortionist-institutionalist dichotomy, the tendency of this consensus to explain the persistence of seemingly inefficient institutions within the micro-level choice theoretic framework and its appeal to policy agendas on good governance, social capital, trust and civil society, render it vulnerable to appropriation by the mainstream. The paper argues that the emerging consensus on LMIs is an inadequate framework to inform effective policy propositions, and highlights the scope and opportunity for a political economy alternative.     

高管薪酬管制分析——基于多任务委托代理视角

股东和高管之间存在利益冲突,多任务委托代理模型分析表明,高管薪酬决定机制存在激励过度的内在冲动,高管薪酬管制不仅存在合理性,实践中也非常必要,政府可以通过强化高管薪酬股东决策权、细化高管薪酬信患披露制度及建立奖金回追制度等措施来管制.     

Do ‘Good Governance’ Codes Enhance Financial Accountability? Evidence from Managerial Pay in Dutch Charities

This paper examines the initial impact of a ‘good governance’ code for charitable organisations that was promulgated in the Netherlands in 2005. Data are gathered from publicly available annual reports of 138 charities in the post‐implementation phase of the code (2005–2008). We first examine whether the code altered charities’ governance structures. Next, we investigate managerial pay as a key aspect of discharging financial accountability because prior literature focused on ‘excessive’ compensation. The findings indicate that a strengthened governance structure positively affects the likelihood of disclosing information concerning managerial pay, as well as mitigating managerial pay level.     

转型国家政府审计功能探讨——来自罗马尼亚的经验

罗马尼亚在国家转型期间面临着严重腐败、贫富差距、司法改革等问题,为了加入欧盟,罗马尼亚在这些方面进行了卓有成效的改革。在加强监督和控制的国家治理中,执行公共外部审计的审计院起到了很大的推动作用。在借鉴欧盟法的基础上,罗马尼亚审计院在法律地位、组织框架、职权范围上都得以提高和完善,审计院对国家治理产生重要影响,对政府部门及其他公共部门的监督和控制效率、效果得到很大提高。我国可以借鉴其经验,从提高审计署法律地位和加强外部审计与内部审计协调两个方面强化审计署在国家治理中的功能。     

资本结构与公司绩效的研究进展

国内外诸多学者对上市公司资本结构与公司绩效的关系进行了大量实证分析,且大部分以某一行业或地区的公司状况为研究对象,或从诸如内部的成长性等不同的角度分析资本结构与公司绩效之间的关系。论文梳理了国内外对两者间的关系的最新研究成果,并对已有的研究成果进行了评述;在此基础上,展望了两者间关系的研究趋势,以期为后续研究提供参考。     

Socio-technical transition governance and public opinion: The case of passenger transport in Finland

As a governance perspective, transition management views the engagement of a wide variety of stakeholders in policy development as a necessary element in furthering sustainability through enhanced social learning. Yet as a literature it has paid relatively little attention to public consultation on socio-technical change. Here we set transition management in the context of longstanding debates in science and technology studies, technology assessment and deliberative democracy. Empirically, we use national survey data on Finnish public opinion of state support for future transport options. Showing how transport practices and attitudes to transport innovation policy vary with both demography and geography, we argue that these differences have implications for policy legitimacy. We suggest that, both given and despite the practical difficulties of deliberative democracy, use of participative opinion surveying to better understand social groups with needs and interests that differ from national averages, may help to enhance policy legitimacy and hence the success of transition management.     

商业招牌的景观现状与设计策略——以南京路步行街61家商业企业为例

招牌作为企业的标志,起到树立企业文化、表现企业精神及吸引消费者等目的。本文通过对南京路步行街61家企业商铺招牌的放置形式、字体、主色调和招牌质地的研究分析,提出放置形式的多样化、字体选择的“企业化”、质地材料的新颖化和色彩表现的情感化等招牌设计策略,以期达到进一步丰富商业街的景观文化、美化城市的目的。     

Corporate Social Responsibility and Family Business in Spain

Despite the economic relevance and distinctiveness of family firms, little attention has been devoted to researching their nature and functioning. Traditionally, family firms have been associated both to positive and negative features in their relationships with the stakeholders. This can be linked to different orientations toward corporate social responsibility. Thus, this research aims to identify the approaches that Spanish family firms maintain about social responsibility, based on the model developed by Quazi and O Brien Journal of Business Ethics 25, 33–51 (2000). An empirical study carried out for 112 Spanish family firms gives support to our initial assumption about these organizations not being a homogeneous group in terms of their orientation towards corporate social responsibility. The differences in perceptions do not seem to be associated to biographical characteristics. These results lead to some relevant academic and practical implications that suggest interesting lines for future research.María de la Cruz Déniz Déniz is professor in the Department of Management at Las Palmas de Gran Canaria University (Spain). She received her Ph.D. in the area of Management from that University in 1999. Her current research interests include the study of Corporate Social Performance and the Management of International Business.M^a Katiuska Cabrera Suárez is professor in the Department of Management at Las Palmas de Gran Canaria University (Spain). She received her Ph.D. in the area of Management from that University in 1998. Her current research interests include the study of Family Business Behaviour and Management.     

国有股权参股与民营重污染企业绿色治理

由于生态环境投入的外部性和资本的逐利性,民营重污染企业的绿色治理是我国企业绿色治理的重点和难点.本文分析了国有股权参股对民营重污染企业绿色治理的影响机理,并以2008～2019年A股上市的民营重污染企业为研究样本进行了实证检验.研究发现,国有股权参股能够通过治理效应和资源效应促进民营重污染企业绿色治理;相对于污染风险较...     

民营企业治理结构改革与劳资关系重构

我国民营企业遵循"股东至上"的企业治理逻辑,忽视企业职工的利益,从而导致劳资关系紧张.在我国社会转型的制度环境下,建立职工董事制度,实现共同治理,是维护职工权利、建立合作型劳资关系的有效办法.