棉区农户过量施肥风险认知的影响因素分析——基于新疆446个棉农的问卷调查

化肥过量施用在提高棉花产量的同时也带来了严重的农业环境污染问题,并威胁到棉花产业的可持续发展。文章利用新疆重点植棉区的446农户实地问卷调查所得数据,对农户过量施肥风险认知进行评价,并采用二元logit模型,对植棉农户减少化肥施用量的影响因素进行实证分析。分析结果显示,主要影响因素中的户主年龄、植棉经验、土地质量、土地产权、接受科学施肥技术培训、棉花收入的满意度、棉花收入在总收入中的比例等因素对农户减量施肥有显著影响;农户认为科学施肥是否重要的认知因素和农户家庭人口对农户减量施肥没有显著影响。     

How crop insurance influences agrochemical input use: Evidence from cotton farmers in China

Crop insurance is critical in risk management in global agricultural production (e.g. by helping stabilise farmers' incomes in the long term and reducing risk-bearing costs). In this paper, using field survey data on cotton farmers in Xinjiang, China, we examine the influence of crop insurance on farmers' behaviours regarding agrochemical inputs and aim to investigate the synergy between crop insurance and reductions in fertiliser and pesticide usage. We find evidence that crop insurance significantly negatively affects farmers' use of fertilisers and pesticides, as well as significantly positively affects their adoption of green agricultural technologies (GAT) that can replace or complement traditional fertilisers and pesticides. Moreover, our results reveal that compared with small-scale farmers, crop insurance has a stronger effect on large-scale farmers' use of agrochemicals. Finally, when the insured amount is higher or the relative deductible is lower, farmers are more likely to reduce fertiliser and pesticide usage and adopt GAT. Overall, this paper scientifically identifies crop insurance can improve farmers' agrochemical input behaviour, by reducing farmers' use of traditional agrochemical inputs and increasing their adoption of GAT, which is of great significance for ensuring the safety of the agricultural ecological environment.     

风险区划下棉花“保险+期货”定价与运行机制分析——以山东省为例

目的 棉花“保险＋期货”模式的出台对保障棉农收入起着至关重要的作用，但随着地区差异性增强、生产成本上升、目标价格统一不变等问题的出现导致该模式的作用有所减弱。方法 文章基于2021—2022年棉花期现货价格数据，运用蒙特卡洛模拟法计算统一费率，运用熵值法对各地级市棉花价格风险进行综合评价，并运用聚类分析法对棉花种植区域进行风险区划。结果 （1）棉花价格风险主要集中于鲁西北和鲁西南地区，专业化程度是产生价格风险的主要原因；（2）修正目标价格和保险费率后，高风险区和次高风险区目标价格高于全省平均水平，保险费率增长速度随保障水平提高而降低；（3）通过构建期货市场、现货市场与保险公司的信息联动机制，拓宽了信息交流的渠道。结论 为更好地发挥“保险+期货”保障农民收入的作用，提出针对不同风险区域，实施精细化产品设计；多方主体相互配合，减轻地方政府保费压力两点建议。     

青海棉纺织厂工业遗存本体价值评价初探

针对具有多重价值的的青海棉纺织厂作为城市工业遗存保护研究对象，对其历史演变进程进行梳理概括为8个阶段，并选取历史价值、社会文化价值、科学技术价值、艺术审美价值、经济利用价值、景观价值6个评价指标进行解读，建立青海省棉纺织厂本体价值评价体系，利用层次分析法、专家打分法进行价值评价，评价划定保护等级为2级工业遗存，采用保护+局部利用模式，在此模式下提出3点保护策略以及4点局部利用策略。     

Disparate but not antagonistic: Classes of labour in cotton production in Burkina Faso

This paper examines the variety of agrarian classes of labour and the challenges they face in organizing and pursuing their interests. By taking the cotton sector in Burkina Faso as a case study, it analyses how various ‘classes of labour’ organize and mobilize for collective action to raise their claims: poor cotton farmers and workers in the cotton factories. Poor and middle farmers recently came to the fore when they boycotted cotton production in large numbers. The study focusses on the boycott campaign, and more broadly on class struggle and collective action by farmers and workers, on interclass alliances, and on capital's attempts to play the classes of labour against one another. The boycott campaign provides an outstanding case to analyse the interests of the various classes of labour and of opportunities for rural–urban mobilization and alliances across classes of labour. I argue that poor farmers and factory workers along the chain of cotton production can be considered as various classes of labour that are not necessarily antagonistic to one another but, first and foremost, to capital. In order to achieve radical transformation in the agrarian context, what is needed are networks and organizations to establish interclass solidarity and alliances.