试论棉花物流组织的创新与发展

棉花物流组织是以棉花物流运作和管理为核心的实体性组织，是关系棉花物流效率的重要因素。文章阐述了棉花物流组织的内涵、类型、特征与作用，总结了我国棉花物流组织中存在的主要问题，并从创新物流组织形态、完善物流组织结构、拓展物流组织功能、进行组织制度创新、优化整合空间布局、完善相关政策法规等方面提出了棉花物流组织创新发展的对策建议。     

基于信息化的棉纺织企业绩效评价指标体系的构建

本文针对棉纺织企业国际国内市场萎缩的现状,在分析棉纺织企业绩效评价指标体系研究历程的基础上,结合棉纺织企业的特点及信息化下绩效构建原则,从企业研发、生产、营销、服务、基础设施、人力资源、物流这7个方面出发,构建出棉纺织企业基于信息化下绩效评价指标体系。这为棉纺织企业采取相应的措施来促进信息化对企业绩效的提升提供了指导。     

再生棉的生产实践

本文主要介绍了由纺织厂的下角料-废纱、布边为原料,经过再加工制成再生棉的生产工艺流程,同时介绍了其产品适应性。     

新疆棉区的划分及其发展潜力预测

本文根据新疆棉花生产条件和棉区发展条件,提出了新疆棉区发展的‘棉田优势度’,“棉田集中度”,“棉田潜力度”,“棉田规模度”,“棉田饱和度”,“棉田生产潜力”６个概念,设计了评价模型及其相应指标体系,进一步将全疆６０个产棉市县１００个产棉兵团农场分为超饱和制约型风险宜棉区,超饱和控制型风险宜棉区,未饱和潜力型最佳宜棉区,未饱和潜力型次佳宜棉区,饱和制约型不宜棉区和饱和制约型撤消棉区６个发展类型,并对     

驻极体鼓式过滤器防治纺织厂“煤灰纱”工程实践

简要说明了驻极体过滤材料以及鼓式过滤器的过滤性能,重点介绍了将驻极体鼓式过滤器安装在细纱车间的新风窗后防治"煤灰纱"所取得的实际效果。     

Why the Industrial Revolution Started in 18th Century Britain,Not China,from the Perspective of Globalization

The research examines the role of market expansion and international labor division in the British Industrial Revolution from the perspective of globalization. The research shows that British cotton textile output in pieces grew 275 times from the 1770s to the mid-1850s and documents that such growth would never have happened without a vast overseas market for the supply of raw cotton and the sale of products. The paper argues that the continuous and dramatic expansion of overseas markets allowed the British cotton industry to expand greatly without hitting the ceiling of marginal returns, leading not only to the great expansion of production, but also to technological and institutional innovations, and that international labor division made it possible for the industry to import ample amounts of raw cotton and export large amounts of cotton textiles. In contrast, foreign demand for Chinese cotton textiles increased significantly in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, but accounted for only 0.3% of production capacity, which was too little to lift the law of diminishing marginal returns and to induce either technological or institutional changes. As a result, only Smithian growths could be achieved through optimal resource utilization and specialization in production.     

中国储备棉轮入轮出机制对棉花市场传递效应研究

文章以1978-2016年中国棉花价格、消费产量及轮入轮出数据为基础,采用联立方程模型,就储备棉轮入轮出机制对棉花供需的传递效应进行实证分析。研究表明,中国棉花储备政策及轮入轮出机制对于平衡国内棉花市场供求、防止棉花价格过度波动起到积极的作用。储备棉轮入轮出机制对国内棉花产量、消费量的传递效应显著且存在一定差异,对国内棉花产量的传递效果要强于对国内棉花消费量的传递效应,产生这种差异的主要原因在于储备棉轮入轮出机制的传递路径有所不同。应坚持和完善储备棉轮入轮出机制,提升储备棉轮入轮出机制对棉花需求的调控作用,实现储备棉轮入轮出机制常态化,通过明确储备棉轮入轮出机制的政策目标和市场定位,加强棉花市场信息系统建设,使储备棉轮入轮出机制成为我国棉花支持政策体系的主要手段。     

新疆南部地区棉农生计变化影响因素分析——基于阿克苏地区阿瓦提县400户棉农的调查数据

为保证棉花这一国家战略性资源的数量和质量,确保新疆南部地区棉农生计的可持续性改善,本文试图对南疆棉农生计变化的影响因素进行深入分析。本研究运用阿克苏地区阿瓦提县实地调研和访谈数据,从户主的个人特征、家庭经营特征、家庭经营方式、自然灾害影响和政府补贴与资助五个方面对影响棉农家庭经营收入和生计变化的因素进行分析,进一步运用因子分析法等数学模型进行定量分析,得出南疆棉农生计变化影响因素的综合排名。研究结论表明：家庭经营规模,种子、农药及地膜投入,政府补贴资助量和套种数量四种因素对棉农生计变化影响较为显著。最后,建议通过政府补贴、政策制定、土地利用以及产业结构优化等方面的完善以促进南疆棉农生计变化的良性作用机制的形成。     

Market Coordination and Social Differentiation: A Comparison of Cotton-Producing Households in Tanzania and Zimbabwe

This paper compares findings from farm surveys conducted in Zimbabwe and Tanzania in 2001. It sets out to answer why some cotton-producing households generate comparatively higher levels of total cotton output, and conversely why some households generate lower output. In the Tanzanian sample, variations in respondents' cotton sales revolve entirely around respondents' access to cropping land and possession of draught power, while observed differences in the Zimbabwean case are based on a combination of ownership-related assets and respondents' access to manufactured inputs. At the same time, the extent of differences in volumes of cotton sales between the top and bottom quintiles is significantly higher in the Tanzanian survey than in the Zimbabwean one. This pattern becomes even more evident when comparing the performance of the bottom quintiles in the two samples. Against this background, the paper suggests that successful forms of market coordination may not only contribute to better 'system performance' but also to fewer differences between cotton-producing households in terms of cotton output and to higher incomes from cotton production.     

The economics of biotechnology under ecosystem disruption

Economic analysis of chemical pesticide use has shown that the interactions between plants, pests, damage control technology and state of the ecosystem are important variables to be considered. Hence, a bio-economic model was developed for the assessment of Bt variety and pesticide-based control strategies of the cotton-bollworm in China. The model simulates plant growth, the dynamics of pest populations and of natural enemies. The model predictions are used as major inputs for a stochastic micro-level profit model of alternative control strategies.Results show that: (1) productivity effects of Bt varieties and pesticide use depend on the action of natural control agents, and (2) the profitability of damage control measures increases with the severity of ecosystem disruption. The findings highlight the importance of the choice of the counterfactual scenario in the assessment of the impact of agricultural biotechnology. Also, some doubts are raised whether the high benefits of Bt cotton varieties claimed by previous studies based on cross section comparisons are realistic.