河南省2012年度进口棉花质量分析

近年来河南省棉花进口量大增,2012年棉花进口量达到创纪录的近10万吨,有效缓解了省内供需矛盾。论文介绍了河南省进口棉花的品质、重量检验情况,分析了主要进口国和主要国外供货商进口棉花质量状况及存在的问题,并提出加强培训、规范包装、统一检测周期、创新检验监管模式等工作建议。     

宿松县棉花物流的调查研究

介绍了安徽省宿松县的棉花产业发展现状,分析了现阶段棉花物流管理在仓储、运输和信息化等方面所面临的突出矛盾,提出了加强基础设施建设、重视行业整合、改善管理水平、发展流通加工、提高资源利用水平等建议。     

原棉含杂率测试结果之风耗误差分析

在对原棉含杂率测试时,结果会因风耗的存在产生很大误差。通过实验,分析了原棉含杂实验过程中,产生测试误差的原因,并通过实验来证明了原棉回潮率直接影响风耗的关系,证明了杂质含量与风耗的大小没有直接相关,而易飘散细小颗粒的多少影响风耗,对原棉含杂测试数值产生影响。     

US–Brazilian cotton policies

Brazil filed a lawsuit with the WTO against the United States for providing cotton production and export subsidies, and the WTO ruled in favour of Brazil. Brazil threatened to impose retaliatory tariffs if the United States does not comply with the WTO rulings. After a prolonged litigation stretching from 2002 to 2010, both countries agreed to a negotiated settlement wherein the United States paid Brazilian cotton producers to compensate for any adverse effects. This study develops a political economic model to theoretically analyse US cotton policies, Brazil's threat of retaliatory tariffs and the negotiated settlement between the two countries. The theoretical results show that the volume of cotton output, supply price response, politicians' apathy for the public welfare, elasticities of excess supply/demand and the magnitude of US transfers play a crucial role in determining US policies. This study contributes to the literature by being the first to model political economic aspects of the complex system of trade and domestic policies in the cotton industry using a three-country framework, tariff retaliation and transfers between the countries.     

Smallholders' demand for and access to private‐sector extension services: A case study of contracted cotton producers in northern Tanzania

This paper examines demand for and access to private‐sector extension services by contracted cotton producers in northern Tanzania. Data from a non‐random survey of 520 smallholders show that only 21.9% received any extension and only 4.6% received extension from the cotton ginnery. Wealthier households were three times more likely to receive extension from any provider. While the public sector remains the main source of extension and is prioritized by smallholders, almost all households demanded extension from firms and are willing to invest 3 days per month mainly for advice on cotton and maize production. The involvement of third parties in the supply of extension from ginneries could not only meet smallholders' demands but could increase cotton supply and repayment rates to the firm, and thus finance the provision of missing extension advice.     

棉花加工系统中风机节能控制探析

在棉花加工工艺系统中,风机是物料输送的重要工具。在系统的运转过程中,风机耗电量占整个工艺系统耗电量的1/3,因此做好风机节能控制工作对降低生产成本,提高生产效率,增加企业效益具有重要意义。     

ANOTHER SPINNING INNOVATION: THE CASE OF THE RATTLING SPINDLE,GARABŌ, IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE JAPANESE SPINNING INDUSTRY

Through the importation of the state‐of‐the‐art British spinning technology of the late nineteenth century, a new cotton spinning sector began to emerge in Meiji Japan during the 1870s and 1880s. This hectic technology transfer was accompanied by a remarkable domestic technological breakthrough that enabled the local spinners to significantly increase productivity to meet the unprecedented pace of the soaring market demand. This paper examines a relatively neglected case of the rattling spindle, Garabō, which was a product of Japanese native industrial endowments in parallel with the development of the British‐style mills.     

从发展权视角下看多哈回合“棉花议题”

棉花问题作为WTO多哈回合谈判的关键议题之一,从其提出之初就充斥着大量的争议,目前国际社会对其能否在短时间内达成突破性进展感到强烈的疑虑。然而从发展权角度看该议题,将其与人权相联系似乎会给我们提供另外一种解决的思路。参照WTO平衡TRIPS与公共健康矛盾的模式,借助于争端解决机制,在目前多哈谈判濒临崩溃的境况下,它不失为一种相对合理的方式。     

On the impact of US subsidies on world cotton prices: A meta-analysis approach

Despite the literature dealing with the impact of subsidies on world cotton prices, there is no consensus regarding the quantification of these effects. The aim of this article is to contribute to this literature through the implementation of a meta-regression analysis. This methodology allows us to: (i) identify the main sources of heterogeneity between the primary studies, (ii) give some tracks to improve the modeling, (iii) provide a reliable effect of the removal of subsidies on world cotton prices. Relying on the estimation of various models to derive robust results, our findings show that a withdrawal of US subsidies would increase the world cotton price by around 11% on average.     

新疆棉纺织业人力资源瓶颈制约及对策建议

资金、技术、运输、人才是制约新疆棉纺织业竞争力提升的四大瓶颈因素,其中,专业技术人才和熟练操作工的严重缺乏是最为突出的问题之一。本文针对新疆棉纺织业劳动生产率低、专业技术人员缺乏、研发能力弱等人力资源总量与配置方面存在的现实问题,从棉花深加工与高附加值战略需要人力资源支撑的基本观点出发,提出应高度重视并全面启动新疆本土棉纺织业专业人才培养计划和建立新疆棉花产业人才培养专项基金的政策建议。