Policies for agricultural development in Peninsular Malaysia

This paper highlights land use changes in the agricultural sector of Peninsular Malaysia. Since rational land use necessitates consideration of alternatives in relation to the natural potential of the land, the author examines the land resource inventory based on soil suitability and land utilization. This is followed by a discussion of land use changes brought about by public sector land development agencies and the private sector. The author gives a review of current land use policies and concludes with possible alternatives for the future.     

以文化创意产业发展促推居民消费质量提升研究

世界金融危机后大力发展文化创意产业成为我国经济增长方式的重要发力点和我国居民消费质量提升的主要手段。依托现有有利条件,进行文化创意产业的合理布局与调整,加强与低碳产业、生态旅游的融合,我国的主要发展产业:文化创意,也是适应"两型社会"建设要求,促进产业结构调整、居民消费结构转变的重要举措。     

Determinants of Land Use in Amazônia: A Fine-Scale Spatial Analysis

Wetter areas of the Amazon basin exhibit lower rates of agricultural conversion. Previous analyses, using relatively aggregate data on land cover, have been unable to determine the extent to which this reflects limited access versus unfavorable agroclimatic conditions. This article uses census-tract level data for the Brazilian Amazon to relate forest conversion and pasture productivity to precipitation, soil quality, infrastructure and market access, proximity to past conversion, and protection status. The probability that land is used for agriculture or intensively stocked with cattle declines markedly with increasing rainfall, other things equal.     

Comparing post-operative resource consumption following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and conventional aortic valve replacement in the UK

Objective:

To define the in-hospital and 6-month post-discharge resource use, following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) and conventional Aortic Valve Replacement (AVR) surgery within a single UK hospital.

Methods:

A local service evaluation of patients undergoing TAVI or AVR between January 2011 and May 2012 captured data until 6-months post-procedure, collected from hospital records and via a General Practitioner questionnaire. The main end-points were mortality, time in ITU/HDU, hospital length of stay (LoS), discharge destination, re-admission, and post-discharge primary/secondary care resource use. Sub-group analyses were performed for AVR patients aged ≥80 (AVR?≥?80) and with EuroSCORE of ≥10 (AVR ES?≥?10) to allow more direct comparison with ‘TAVI type’ patients.

Results:

Results are given as means (standard deviation) for TAVI (n?=?51), AVR (n?=?188), AVR?≥?80 (n?=?48), and AVR ES?≥?10 (n?=?47), respectively, unless otherwise stated. Age in years was 83.0 (8.1), 71.2 (13.1), 84.1 (2.7), 79.4 (7.1); EuroSCORE was 24.7 (11.9), 8.1 (6.4), 12.0 (6.0), and 16.5 (6.6); post-operative LoS (days) was 11.5 (11.2), 10.9 (10.8), 14.3 (16.7), and 15.2 (17.7). For discharged patients, 0%, 7%, 13%, and 9% had unplanned cardiac-related re-admissions within 30-days of discharge. Time to first readmission was 74.6 (34.0), 35.0 (34.2), 20.8 (9.7), and 22.6 (14.3) days.

Limitations:

This was a single-center retrospective evaluation, not prospectively powered to confirm differences in outcomes.

Conclusions:

Despite TAVI being performed in an older, higher risk population, LoS was similar to AVR. Most strikingly there were no cardiac-related re-admissions within 30-days for TAVI and time to first re-admission was significantly longer. This evaluation suggests that TAVI is clinically appropriate and provides economic advantages in both the hospital and post-discharge setting in this high risk group. Many patients undergoing TAVI are considered unfit for surgery and, hence, TAVI offers a treatment that delivers similar results to traditional AVR without the high risk associated with surgery.     

The measurement and decomposition of nonuse values: A critical review

We critically review the literature that claims that existence values, or nonuse values in general, are a large and measurable component of total value for certain environmental resources. Our concern is not with the question “do nonuse values exist?” For some individuals they surely do. Rather, our concern is with two interrelated questions: are there operationally meaningful theorems which might lead to the specific measurement of nonuse values, and do we in fact have a body of credible evidence which shows that nonuse values, particularly components of any nonuse value, are “large”? We find nothing in the way of operationally meaningful hypotheses which would permit the estimation of values attributable to specific motives of individuals. We find no credible basis for claims related to either the measurement of existence and other motive-related values or claims for the “large” relative size of such values. In short, we question the conventional wisdom that such values are measurable and that they are significant as a component of total value.     

“生态券”式自然生态空间有偿使用法律制度的提出与规范建构

研究目的：证成“生态券”式自然生态空间有偿使用法律制度,并进行规范建构。研究方法：规范分析法、比较分析法和案例分析法。研究结果：（1）空间公平正义价值观下,“税费”式自然生态空间有偿使用制度有利于保护自然生态空间,一定程度上衡平了自然生态空间利益。因忽视自然生态空间安全价值,该制度在自然生态空间利益全面保护方面仍面临主体涵盖不全、利益混同、补偿滞后以及救济偏离诉求目标等困境。（2）受生态安全价值观影响,自然生态空间利益衡平的理念由“损害最小化”转向“零耗损”。研究结论：应推行“生态券”式自然生态空间有偿使用法律制度,与资源税费制度并行,与生态补偿、碳汇交易等制度协同,保障自然生态空间安全,全面衡平自然生态空间利益。具体制度建构中,应秉持权力制约与权益保障的理念,厘清生态券的法律属性,发掘生态券有偿使用方式下的权力与权利规范;明确自然生态空间占用权,确认与合理配置自然生态空间利益;设定对价支付自然生态空间占用的具体义务,明晰权利的边界;加强“生态券”交易市场的培育与落实,健全制度运行的关键程序。     

异质性环境规制对长江经济带工业用水效率的影响

为实现水资源约束下的水资源可持续发展,运用超效率EBM模型测算了2012—2021年长江经济带11个省市工业用水效率,通过空间杜宾模型探究了异质性环境规制对长江经济带工业用水效率的影响。结果表明：长江经济带各省市的工业用水效率有明显差异化,上、中、下游的工业用水效率呈现两端高、中间低的趋势;命令约束型、市场激励型和公众自愿型环境规制促进了工业用水效率的提高;异质性环境规制对工业用水效率具有较强的空间溢出效应,命令约束型和市场激励型环境规制具有污染转移效应,不利于邻近地区工业用水效率的提高。     

不同类型轨道交通站点周边土地利用效益评价

不同类型轨道交通站点周边用地开发所追求的效益目标侧重点不同,需要对不同类型轨道站点周边土地利用效益进行差异化的评价.首先,研究轨道站点的分类及相应的用地开发特征;其次,从土地利用、交通系统、服务水平3个维度选取7个评价指标,构建轨道交通站点周边用地效益评价指标体系,通过模糊层次分析法对不同类型的轨道交通站点评价指标权重进行量化,并结合模糊综合评价法获得不同类型站点具体指标和综合指标的评价结果;最后,以重庆鲤鱼池站点为例,对公服居住型站点周边用地开发综合效益进行应用评价与分析.旨在为不同类型轨道站点周边的土地开发效益综合评价提供参考.     

城市边缘区土地利用总体规划探析

本文在分析大城市边缘区土地利用特征和土地利用问题的基础上，针对城市边缘区土地利用的特殊矛盾性探讨了城市边缘区土地利用总体规划的目标、规划要点。     

Assessing the growth-inducing impact of the Appalachian Development Highway System in southern Ohio: Did policy promote change?

The concept of “inducing growth” is typically considered an adverse consequence of a project on the land use system. In certain instances, however, the desire to induce growth and foster land use change is a focus of land use policy. Such is the example of the Appalachian Highway Development System (AHDS) program initiated by the Appalachian Regional Commission (ARC) during the late 1960s. With the goal of providing highway infrastructure to improve assess to a geographically isolated and historically impoverished region, the ADHS has added nearly 3000 miles of highway to the Appalachian landscape. The degree to which highway investment has contributed to regional growth remains a controversial point and tractable methods to quickly assess landscape change given a project of this magnitude are elusive. In this paper a portion of the AHDS trending through southern Ohio is examined using data acquired from the Landsat series of satellites. Beginning with a pre-highway condition in 1976, a 26 year time horizon, concluding in 2002, was analyzed based on a post-classification change detection methodology. Results of this investigation revealed slight, yet significant, levels of urban expansion within a 10 km corridor along the path of AHDS Corridor D/State Route 32. Beyond this buffer zone the land use system evidenced more stability, suggesting that as distance increased from Corridor D/State Route 32, reduced accessibility also reduced the attractiveness of land for urban uses. Relating these results back to the infrastructure investment policies of the ARC demonstrates that growth did result from the construction of Corridor D and supports previous findings that land development based on highway construction is extremely time-sensitive.