北京市顺义区制造业用地集约度评价及影响因素分析

研究目的:评价北京市顺义区制造业用地集约度,分析影响制造业集约用地的因素及影响方式。研究方法:基于对顺义区制造业企业用地及主要经济指标的调查资料,结合厂商行为理论,借助因子分析法及Logistic逐步回归模型进行分析。研究结果:制造业企业的集约用地行为表现为单位面积上产值收益的增加、劳动力投入的增加或者资金投入的增加;产业结构、人口和劳动力、交通运输、聚集效应等影响因素对各个行业集约用地水平的作用方式及影响程度是不同的。研究结论:土地的集约利用程度与区位因素紧密相关,制造业的空间布局优化是促进土地集约利用的重要措施之一。     

Characteristics of developers and their relations to open space conservation

Developers are entrepreneurs that initiate and carry out land development projects. They play an active dominant and leading role in land use planning decisions, and are, therefore, expected to have a significant impact on patterns of development and open space conservation. The present study identified correlations between characteristics of developers and indicators of open space conservation, based on a random sample of 88 statutory land use plans in the Tel Aviv metropolitan region over the period 1990–1999. The variables used to describe characteristics of developers were of two kinds: direct variables including developer type and land ownership, and indirect proxy variables that represented typical entrepreneurial behaviors (profit seeking, risk taking and innovativeness) including: net residential density, open space per residential unit, spatial location of the plan area and the time lapse until plan approval. Indicators of conservation were: size of plan area, existing agricultural land within the plan, proposed open space and effective open space. We found that developer type and land ownership were connected mainly to plan size and existing agricultural land rate, both indicators of regional conservation potential, while variables representing profit seeking, risk taking and innovativeness were significantly connected to proposed and effective open space rates, which express the conservation level within plans.     

常德市土地利用/覆被变化分析

通过GIS空间分析功能,选取常德市的四个县市:桃源县、汉寿县、临澧县、津市市,从土地利用现状、土地利用时空变化、土地利用类型动态度、土地利用程度变化以及土地利用变化区域差异等五个方面对常德市2009年和2012年土地利用、覆被变化进行定量、定性分析比较。研究结果表明:12009-2012年期间,四个县市的城镇、交通水利等建设用地需求持续增加;2 2009-2012年期间,土地利用程度综合指数呈增长的趋势;3常德市2009-2012年间土地利用程度变化不大,并且区域不平衡;4 2009-2012年期间,四个县市中相对变化最大的为临澧县城镇建设用地。     

农用地产能核算与耕地保护补偿机制构建

文章在界定区域耕地保护补偿的基础上,对农用地产能核算与区域耕地保护补偿机制的关系进行了分析.并设计了基于农用地产能核算结果的区域耕地保护补偿机制技术路线和区域耕地保护补偿步骤.同时,根据设计的技术路线和补偿步骤,从政策层面和操作层面提出了构建完善区域耕地保护补偿机制的建议,以期为改善目前耕地数量和质量分割计算的耕地保护机制提供参考.     

阴那山自然保护区的资源利用与保护

在对广东省梅县阴那山自然保护区资源现状和开发状况进行深入分析后,提出在解决资源利用与保护问题上必须坚持生态经济的原则,把保护放在首要地位;采取相应的措施开发生态旅游,实现生态资源的利用与保护协调发展,实现永续利用。     

构建我国农地产权"三权分离"模式——现行农地产权制度改革的设想

由于农村土地所有权、使用权等权利主体界定不清,农民没有稳定可靠的权利,农村土地难以流转,导致农地资源不能优化配置等诸多问题,制约了农村经济的发展.因此,对现行农村土地产权制度进行改革很有必要.因此,在现行农地产权制度模式弊端的基础上,构建一种全新的农地产权结构,即实现农地产权的所有权、使用权、发展权三权分离,给各权利主体稳定、可靠和灵活的权利,保障各方利益实现,促进农村经济发展.     

我国小城镇土地集约利用问题分析

根据科学发展观和坚持走中国特色的城镇化道路原则,从土地集约利用的内涵出发,结合实际分析我国小城镇在土地集约利用方面存在的问题,提出了小城镇土地利用应该与农村经济、社会发展相互联动、应加快发展小城镇的产业集聚经济、建立与完善小城镇的土地收益分配机制等措施.     

Adaptive society in a changing environment: Insight into the social resilience of a rural region of Taiwan

Taiwan has abundant biological resources that provide a quality living environment; however, industrial land use may change that environment through urban sprawl and thus have impacts on rural society. This study examined the experience of a Taiwanese rural region that has been exposed to industrial wastewater discharge specifying the relationship of industrial development to rural society and its role in policy. We addressed the societal adaptation to environmental degradation from risk perception perspectives about land use. Drawing on social vulnerability concept, semi-structured interviews were conducted in five communities that use irrigation water exposed to wastewater discharge. The interviews were designed using the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) causal framework to examine residents’ risk perceptions highlighting both built-environmental sensitivity (degradation) and residents’ adaptability (capacity). In addition, remote sensing technology was used to identify the urban sprawl that led to industrial land use and exposed the rural region to water pollution risks. As a result, we present a social resilience cycle to introduce adaptive responses underlining social amplification of risk. Both local knowledge of the locals (the Hakka people) and their societal response to environmental change reflect the role of culture in influencing land use policy. It is underlined that individual and community responses shape the social experience of risk and are related to both the ethnicity of the locals and the land use policy of the government. We indicated further that a large-scale survey that would really quantity this exploratory study to support land use decision-making is expected.     

Land system change in Italy from 1884 to 2007: Analysing the North–South divergence on the basis of an integrated indicator framework

Over the past centuries, land systems in Italy experienced fundamental shifts, owing to the availability of new energy forms, population surges, and technological progress. The 20th century was characterized by massive productivity increases, accompanied by gradual land abandonment and the return of forest land. We here analyze 120 years of land system change in Italy, applying the human appropriation of net primary production (HANPP) framework, a metric for socio-economic pressures on terrestrial ecosystems. HANPP allows integrating ecological with societal perspectives, by systematically quantifying (a) biomass harvest and (b) the difference between potential productivity of ecosystems and current productivity induced by land use processes, such as land conversion, or land degradation. Besides assessing national trends we calculated HANPP separately for the Italian North and South between 1934 and 2007, in order to scrutinize if high regional discrepancies in terms of natural and socio-economic preconditions translate into diverging land system trajectories. Our results show that national HANPP has been declining from 78% of natural productivity before WWII to 56% in 2007, indicating a declining land -use induced pressure on biomass flows over time. Simultaneously, biomass harvest increased by around 26% due to agricultural intensification, despite shrinking croplands. Although we found a significant difference between the Northern and Southern region in the absolute levels of several land use indicators related to biomass appropriation, the overarching trends of land system change were remarkably similar in both regions. This suggests that underlying drivers of land system change, such as policies aimed at land-use intensification and structural change were equally dominating land system trajectories in the North and South of Italy, not withstanding their socio-ecological divergences.     

基于乡村旅游效用的河南省农村土地资源利用研究

[目的]通过探讨农村土地资源在乡村旅游发展中的高效利用等问题,试图找到河南省合理配置乡村旅游发展用地的理论依据。[方法]以河南省乡村旅游发展中的农村土地资源为研究对象,采用文献法及综合分析法,揭示乡村旅游与农村土地资源利用二者互为影响、相互促进的关系。[结果]农村土地资源是乡村旅游发展的重要物质基础和决定因素,同时乡村旅游的发展能够促进农村土地资源的高效利用。但河南省在乡村旅游发展中农村土地资源利用仍存在土地规划利用不合理,结构单一;土地生态意识淡薄;土地管理机制不完善;土地运作不规范,利益分配不合理等问题,由此提出科学规划乡村旅游用地、提高农村土地生态环保意识、建立健全土地管理和监督机制及协调土地相关者的利益分配等指导建议。[结论]农村土地资源和乡村旅游应该相互融合,充分发挥集成联动效应,从而实现河南省乡村旅游可持续发展。