关于规范商业银行创新型非标债权业务发展的思考

近年来,商业银行大力发展创新型非标准化债权业务,其具体模式呈现从简单到复杂、从表内到表外、从账内到账外的发展特征,业务风险呈现参与机构多元化、业务模式复杂化、业务风险隐蔽化的趋势。本文在分析商业银行创新型非标债权业务发展的内在动因和利害关系的基础上,按照趋利避害、疏堵结合的原则,针对如何开展非标债权业务去影子化监管和如何规范业务健康发展,提出相关政策建议。     

Creditor protection,judicial enforcement and credit access

We investigate the impact of the legal system on whether firms obtain the credit they apply for or not. Data comprise unique information provided directly by 48,590 firms from 11 European countries. We look at the strength of creditor protection, the strength of property rights, the time taken to resolve a dispute, the dispute resolution process’s costs and the number of procedures the plaintiff faces using data provided by the World Bank and the Heritage Foundation. The results suggest that the more efficient the judicial enforcement system is, and the higher the creditor protection is, the lower the probability that the firms are partially or totally denied credit. Our results are robust to selection bias (Heckman selection) as well as different controls and different estimation techniques. We find that these variables have considerable economic impact: the probability of obtaining credit is up to 40% higher in countries with more robust legal systems.     

论中小企业财务会计目标

由于中小企业的投资者决策需求与经营者的经营需求重合,致使其财务会计目标应定位于企业的债权 人。中小企业财务会计目标以会计目标主体、客体和实现方式三者有机构成。     

论让与担保的设定

让与担保的设定必须有被担保债权的存在,以具有转让性的财产权为让与标的,其公示方法既决定它是 否可以对抗第三人,又直接决定让与担保权的物权性,并构成让与担保制度的核心。     

Short‐Term Corporate Debt around the World

Short‐term corporate debt as a proportion of total debt issued by public firms varies greatly across countries, between 28% in the United States and 78% in China. This paper argues that the interaction between information asymmetry and legal protection of creditors is an important determinant of debt maturity. When short‐term debt plays a dual role as signaling and commitment devices, a reduction in information asymmetry has a larger impact on debt maturity when creditor rights are weaker. We find empirical support for this prediction using firm‐level data from 45 countries around the world.     

Law and Finance in Transition Economies

This paper offers the first comprehensive analysis of legal change in the protection of shareholder and creditor rights in transition economies and its impact on the propensity of firms to raise external finance. Following La Porta et al. (1998), the paper constructs an expanded set of legal indices to capture a range of potential conflicts between different stakeholders of the firm. It supplements the analysis of the law on the books with an analysis of the effectiveness of legal institutions. Our main finding is that the effectiveness of legal institutions has a much stronger impact on external finance than does the law on the books, despite legal change that has substantially improved shareholder and creditor rights. This finding supports the proposition that legal transplants and extensive legal reforms are not sufficient for the evolution of effective legal and market institutions.     

我国上市公司债权人治理弱化及其对策

我国公司治理准则的指导思想是利益相关者共同治理,它涉及股东、债权人、顾客、供应两等共同治理。但我国债权人作为公司外部治理的主要力量并没有发挥其应有的作用,特别是银行在公司治理中的作用非常有限。为此,重点研究我国上市公司债权人治理的现状,以及治理弱化的原因,并对完善上市公司债权人治理提出若干建议。     

知识产权证券化中知识产权资产转让的法律问题探析

知识产权证券化提升了知识资本与金融资本的融合效率,推动了科技进步。在知识产权证券化中,资产转让的方式通常有债务更新、让与、从属参与、信托四种。知识产权资产转让后,为了判断资产所有权是否真实地发生转移,必须引入一个重要概念——“真实销售”,以防范知识产权证券化下所涉及的发起人违约破产风险。目前,知识产权资产的可转让性规定需进一步明晰,对未来债权的转让应做出明确规定．我国资产转让的通知制度也有待突破。     

企业破产语境下名股实债权利人地位确认——从新华信托与港城置业破产债权纠纷案说起

近年来"名股实债"类案件日益增多,现行法律规范中,缺乏对名股实债等股债交融类交易统一的认定标准。这导致股债交融融资在企业破产时债权确认上出现了疑难和争议。本文通过梳理港城置业破产等名股实债案例中股债定性的影响因素,探求法院在认定"名股实债"的性质上的司法逻辑,即,识别与区分"内部关系与外部关系"。在内部关系上,力求探究当事人的真实意思表示;在外部关系上,着重保护第三人的利益。同时,考虑到企业破产债权人利益保护的问题,本文进一步探讨了名股实债交易定性为债权上存在的疑难与思路。     

中国高额持有美国国债的风险与对策

美国国债曾是公认的最安全的投资品。2001年以来,中国持有的美国国债随外汇储备的快速增长而增加;美国国债规模也随美国"双赤字"的扩大而膨胀。美国的政治生态及美元的霸权特性使得美国的"双赤字"难于控制,美国国债的潜在风险日益显现。中国主要面临退出困难及债权资产实际价值可能大幅缩水的困扰。建议中国利用最大债主的地位制约美国以维护自身权益;同时控制外汇储备增量优化外汇储备结构以掌握风险控制的主动权。