从货币霸权史看人民币国际化

后金融危机时代,美联储持续施行量化宽松的货币政策,致使美元的公信力不断下降,也为世界其他货币的国际化提供了机遇.记述世界货币霸权的发展史,通过对历史的借鉴提出了人民币国际化面临的问题,并认为人民币国际化尚处于起步阶段,实现过程任重道远.     

通货膨胀中的货币、投资与消费

通货膨胀中的货币发行和控制,不仅有着内生货币与外生货币的压力,而且会受到投机性货币需求与非投机性货币需求的困扰;投机资本的走势对于政府治理通货膨胀的政策及效果,有着深刻影响;而消费行为与通货膨胀的相互关系,则更为深刻地影响着资源现时与跨时的最优配置。研究通货膨胀中的货币、投资与消费行为的特点,不仅对于研究通货膨胀的起因与治理对策有积极意义,而且对于探求我国经济社会可持续发展更有着现实意义。     

Beliefs about Exchange‐Rate Stability: Survey Evidence from the Currency Board in Bulgaria

Abstract

Currency pegs seldom achieve full credibility even after delivering low inflation and a stable exchange rate for many years. We use unique survey data from Bulgaria’s currency board to investigate the origins of incomplete credibility. We show that the limitations imposed by the currency board on output stabilization policies are a major source of concern. Many people view the financial stabilization policies as a reason for high unemployment and therefore as unsustainable. Another important factor for low credibility is the concern over potential international shocks. Conversely, past instability does not seem to translate strongly into expectations of future instability.     

A Jump-diffusion Model for Exchange Rates in a Target Zone

We propose a simple jump-diffusion model for an exchange rate target zone. The model captures most stylized facts from the existing target zone models while remaining analytically tractable. The model is based on a modified two-limit version of the C OX , I NGERSOLL and R OSS (1985) model. In the model the exchange rate is kept within the band because the variance decreases as the exchange rate approaches the upper or lower limits of the band. We also consider an extension of the model with parity adjustments, which are modeled as Poisson jumps. Estimation of the model is by GMM based on conditional moments. We derive prices of currency options in our model, assuming that realignment jump risk is idiosyncratic. Throughout, we apply the theory to EMS exchange rate data. We show that, after the EMS crisis of 1993, currencies remain in an implicit target zone which is narrower than the officially announced target zones.     

Currency Prices, the Nominal Exchange Rate, and Security Prices in a Two‐Country Dynamic Monetary Equilibrium

This paper examines a continuous‐time two‐country dynamic monetary equilibrium in which countries with possibly heterogeneous tastes and endowments hold their own money for the purpose of transaction services formulated via money in the utility function. Given a price system, no‐arbitrage pricing results are provided for the price of each money and the nominal exchange rate. Characterizations are provided for equilibrium prices for general time‐additive preferences and non‐Markovian exogenous processes. Under a Markovian structure of model primitives, the currency prices are shown to solve a bivariate system of partial differential equations. Assuming that each country is endowed with heterogeneous separable power utility and the exogenous quantities all follow geometric Brownian motions, an equilibrium is shown to exist and additional characterization is provided. A further example of nonseparable Cobb–Douglas preferences is investigated. The additional features over the customary environment of homogeneous logarithmic preferences are emphasized.     

IT MAY BE OUR CURRENCY,BUT IT'S YOUR PROBLEM

The dollar's dominance of international transactions and role as a reserve currency is an exorbitant privilege that is a burden as well as a blessing for the US. It achieved this dominance early in the twentieth century, quite quickly in fact; it may also see that status change equally quickly were the world to move to a multipolar system of currencies. Among the most likely candidates for reserve currencies in such a world are the dollar, the euro, and the Chinese renminbi, Barry Eichengreen explained in his Butlin Lecture earlier in 2011.     

Do Monetary Unions Make Economic Sense? Evidence from the Scandinavian Currency Union, 1873–1913

Popular propositions as to what constitutes a successful single currency area are examined by looking at the Scandinavian Currency Union (1873–1913) formed by Denmark, Norway and Sweden. Applying a frequently used indicator of the desirability of monetary union, we study the symmetry of country-specific structural shocks (measured net of the non-Scandinavian influence) in these three countries. It is found that country-specific shocks are not highly symmetric. This conclusion is also supported by the absence of clear-cut differences between the pattern of structural shocks in Belgium and structural shocks in the Scandinavian countries. This suggests that the three Scandinavian countries did not form an optimum currency area during the period 1873–1913.
JEL classification : F 15; F 33; N 13     

适度宽松的货币政策下中小物流企业融资问题的思考

随着我国经济的发展,物流业进入了一个高速增长的阶段,而这一行业以中小企业居多,和其他中小企业一样,资金的短缺严重制约了它们的发展。探索如何在适度宽松的货币政策下解决中小物流企业融资问题,推动我国中小物流企业快速健康发展具有现实的意义。     

货币错配与通货膨胀目标制的不可行性：针对我国现实

现阶段我国正面临人民币汇率稳定与物价稳定的"两难冲突",国内外一些学者主张我国应该采用通货膨胀目标制。从货币错配的角度探讨通货膨胀目标制在我国的可行性表明,由于存在较严重的货币错配及特殊的国情,现阶段我国尚不具备实行通货膨胀目标制的条件,短期内,通货膨胀目标制在我国并不具有可行性,货币政策适合以货币供应数量和价格作为混合使用的政策调控目标。     

经济结构性失衡状态下的人民币汇率分析

目前,我国经济结构性失衡主要表现为总需求结构性失衡和货币结构性失衡。就经济的总需求结构而言,我国长期以来都是外需(净出口)拉动作用明显,而内需不足,呈现总需求长期结构性失衡。另外,货币流动性过剩更加剧了中国经济结构的失衡,其中外部失衡表现为贸易盈余迅速上升,内部失衡表现为投资相对于消费的过快增长。根据分析,笔者认为,短期内人民币汇率仍将上升,而长期必将存在一定幅度的下跌,并以此提出相关政策建议。