国际贸易结算货币理论及其对我国的启示

随着多边贸易和国际货币多元化的不断发展,国际贸易结算货币的选择对降低汇率风险和交易成本,提高经济效益显得越来越重要。本文按三个发展阶段对国际贸易结算货币理论进行了述评,在此基础上探讨了目前我国对外贸易结算货币的选择及人民币作为国际贸易结算货币的可能性。认为,当前美元仍应是我国对外贸易首选结算货币,但我国应积极扩大人民币在边境贸易中的计价结算,并努力创造条件促使人民币在远洋贸易中计价结算,以降低国际贸易的汇率风险及促进人民币国际化的发展。     

国际金融危机与美元国际储备货币地位的变化

文章认为,国际金融危机使美元面临重大挑战。文章分析了危机中美元仍维持主要储备货币地位的原因,主要包括大量黄金储备的支撑作用、美国金融市场对全球资金的吸引、主要竞争对手未成熟完善、回复（改良的）金本位并不可行等。最后,文章展望了美国货币政策走向和美元汇率行情,以及相关货币与美元的关系。     

Sovereign debt markets in turbulent times: Creditor discrimination and crowding-out effects

In 2007, countries in the euro zone periphery were enjoying stable growth, low deficits, and low spreads. Then the financial crisis erupted and pushed them into deep recessions, raising their deficits and debt levels. By 2010, they were facing severe debt problems. Spreads increased and, surprisingly, so did the share of the debt held by domestic creditors. Credit was reallocated from the private sector to the public sector, reducing investment and deepening the recessions even further. To account for these facts, we propose a simple model of sovereign risk in which debt can be traded in secondary markets. The model has two key ingredients: creditor discrimination and crowding-out effects. Creditor discrimination arises because, in turbulent times, sovereign debt offers a higher expected return to domestic creditors than to foreign ones. This provides incentives for domestic purchases of debt. Crowding-out effects arise because private borrowing is limited by financial frictions. This implies that domestic debt purchases displace productive investment. The model shows that these purchases reduce growth and welfare, and may lead to self-fulfilling crises. It also shows how crowding-out effects can be transmitted to other countries in the euro zone, and how they may be addressed by policies at the European level.     

Renminbi＇s Potential to Become a Global Currency

This paper is a tentative endeavor to delineate the potential of the renminbi to become a global currency. It first analyzes the critical economic, financial and policy attributes that are required to support a currency to gain an international role. It then examines whether China has the potential to acquire these attributes. The paper concludes by offering some provisional observations on the implications for Asia and the global economy, should the renminbi evolve into a world currency in the coming decades.     

跨国公司外币报表折算问题研究

目前国际上在外币报表折算中折算汇率的选择和折算差额的处理,尚未形成一致的国际惯例.外币报表折算主要方法有流动与非流动项目法、货币与非货币项目法、时态法和现行汇率法.根据我国实际情况,外币报表折算更适用时态法.     

我国央行控制货币供给能力的分析

本文首先从货币供给过程中的基础货币和货币乘数这两个环节入手,从理论上分析了我国央行对货币供给的控制能力.同时我国正处于社会主义市场经济的发展和转轨阶段,市场经济体制还很不完善,这些特殊国情使得我国的货币供给量更加难以控制.而且在当今金融创新、金融放松管制和全球金融市场一体化的背景之下,各个层次的货币供应量之间的界限更加不易确定,基础货币的扩张系数也失去了以往的稳定性,这又进一步强化了我国货币供给的内生性.通过对上述复杂因素的综合分析,探讨了我国央行对货币供给不可控性的深层次原因.     

货币错配与通货膨胀目标制的不可行性：针对我国现实

现阶段我国正面临人民币汇率稳定与物价稳定的"两难冲突",国内外一些学者主张我国应该采用通货膨胀目标制。从货币错配的角度探讨通货膨胀目标制在我国的可行性表明,由于存在较严重的货币错配及特殊的国情,现阶段我国尚不具备实行通货膨胀目标制的条件,短期内,通货膨胀目标制在我国并不具有可行性,货币政策适合以货币供应数量和价格作为混合使用的政策调控目标。     

The Link between Institutional and Economic Integration: Insights for Latin America from the European Experience

The European experience illustrates that institutional integration interacts with economic integration at the regional level. In this paper we ask how economic and institutional integration are linked and whether there is a causal link between the two. We present an original indicator of institutional integration and study how it developed vis-à-vis diverse measures of economic integration. In particular, we ask what insights can be drawn from the European process of regional integration, which started in the 1950s, for regional integration in Latin America today. We find that Latin America is currently less economically integrated not only than the European Union today, but for certain economic variables even than the European Union in the 1960s. A VAR analysis illustrates that the link between institutional and economic integration has worked both ways throughout the European experience. There is also evidence that stronger institutional integration has indeed led to deeper economic integration.     

中日货币国际化比较研究

作为具有价值尺度、支付手段、贮藏手段和流通手段等职能的货币,其国际化程度的高低会影响到资源配置的有效性。日本经济高速增长催生的日元国际化,其波浪式前进引人深思;人民币国际化的推进面临国际环境的不确定性。日元国际化的缘由、发展、效果对人民币国际化的推进启示深刻。