The Spillover Effects of Environmental Regulations: A Perspective of Chinese Unregulated Firms' Tax Burden

Previous studies focus on the direct impacts of environmental regulations while paying less attention to spillover effects. Taking the Eleventh Five-year Plan in China as a quasi-natural experiment, our results show that environmental regulations significantly increase the tax burden of unregulated firms. Environmental regulations generate spillover effects on firms that should not be subjected to regulatory policies. Further channel analysis shows that the fiscal pressure of local governments caused by environmental regulations is a major channel for the increase in the tax burden of unregulated firms. Finally, according to the heterogeneity results, the spillover effects are more pronounced in small firms, non-state-owned enterprises, and provinces with stricter enforcement. Our findings emphasize the additional costs of environmental policies, and the government should consider these costs when formulating policies.     

Tariffs,R&D,and two merger policies

We compare welfare-increasing and consumer-surplus-increasing merger policies in an oligopoly when merging firms face endogenous trade policies, and engage in cost-reducing R&D activity. As R&D becomes less efficient, the equilibrium market structures (EMS) become less concentrated under both merger policies. When R&D is very efficient, monopoly becomes the EMS under the welfare-increasing merger policy. This occurs as the absence of tariff and efficient R&D under monopoly limit the price increase and the gain in profits outweighs the loss in consumer surplus and tariff revenue. The results suggest that trade policies should take into account merger policies and industries' R&D efficiency. The results also show that global welfare maximization requires global merger policy coordination.     

医疗保险对减轻参保农村居民家庭就医负担的异质性研究 ——来自CFPS数据的经验证据

采用中国家庭追踪调查(Chinese Family Panel Survey,CFPS)的数据,考察了"报销收入"效应和"消费促进"效应的作用下农村居民基本医疗保险报销水平对于参保家庭的医疗减负效应.研究发现:随着国家医保补贴政策的力度进一步增强和报销比例的提升,基本医疗保险有利于降低参保农村居民家庭的医疗负担,尤其是包含老年人和成员健康差的弱势家庭.进一步地,对不同收入水平的家庭进行异质性研究发现,低收入群体在就医中限于预算约束限制从农村居民基本医疗保险中实际受益不如中高收入群体,新农合存在一定程度的"亲富人"效应.     

“I like to use but do not wish to own”: Exploring the role of de-ownership orientation in the adoption of access-based services

Consumers’ outlook towards acquisition-based consumption is changing, and the importance of ownership is fading. Using the stimulus-organism-response framework and a total of 302 responses, this study employed partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) to examine the role of de-ownership orientation in the adoption of access-based services. The results show that de-ownership orientation positively influences access-based services’ attitude and adoption intention. Further, it shows that stimuli such as ownership burden, economic benefits, environmentalism, and product scarcity risk influence de-ownership orientation. The findings contribute to understanding this emerging phenomenon of sharing economy.     

基于博弈论的跳频通信装备电子防御效能评估

为解决不同电子进攻条件下跳频通信装备电子防御效能动态评估问题，提出了一种基于博弈论的评估方法。首先，从技术性能、战术策略、操作人员3个角度构建评估指标体系；其次，通过4种归一化方法、复合权重、两种聚合模型，设计了一种多指标综合算法对通信电子防御效能进行评估；最后，将评估结果作为盈利，通过攻防双方博弈得到纳什均衡评估值。仿真分析表明，该方法能合理地考虑攻防双方、战术策略和操作人员对效能发挥的影响，与传统的静态评估方法相比更具科学性、优越性，具有一定的实用价值。