技术进步与医疗卫生费用的增长

医疗费用的快速上涨是各国面临的共同问题与挑战。而医疗技术的进步是推动费用上涨最主要的动力。对技术推动型费用增长的评价要借助成本效益的分析。各国在制定费用控制政策时,不可避免地将面临技术进步与费用控制的两难选择。     

一种多传感器空情信息融合算法

针对防空指挥系统快速反应决策能力要求,给出了可行的系统信息融合处理软件组成结构及功能描述,提出了一种适用于快速空情信息融合的通用信息融合处理方法和模型算法。建模过程中,提出的信息融合处理方法和模型算法将防空指挥系统信息融合的复杂过程条理化、公式化和数字化。仿真结果证明,该方法是正确和有效的。目前,该方法已应用到实际工程中。     

接管壁垒缺失与国有企业经营者低效更替的发生

接管壁垒是治理结构的一个重要环节,它在维护企业家职位稳定性的同时,可以防止和减少低效率更替的发生。本文的分析表明,在以行政干预下的“内部人”控制为特征的国有企业治理结构中,接管壁垒的缺失使企业经营者的更替陷入“低壁垒,高更替,低效率”的恶性循环。因此,解决领导班子问题必须从治理结构的源头－产权改革开始,并为企业家阶层的形成提供金融制度的支持。     

民营企业参与国防科技工业的知识产权保护问题研究——以陕西宝鸡专用汽车有限公司为例

研究参与国防科技工业的民营企业的国防知识产权保护问题,对于破解制约科技创新和科技体制改革深层次问题具有重要的现实意义。我国民营企业参与国防科技工业知识产权的生成、权属及利益分配现状要求我们尽快出台可操作性强、适用范围广的国防知识产权制度,通过发挥政府引导协调功能,运用行政力量推进知识产权保护工作,构建企业专利网、组建专利联盟等方式促进知识产权信息交流,增强企业自主创新能力,推进专利技术产业化进程。     

优化国防费配置——我国国防工业发展的路径选择

如何使国防费在国防工业中配置得更合理,使国防费投入适应信息化条件下国防工业发展的客观要求,己成为迫切需要解决的一项重大而现实的课题。因此,有必要根据我国国防与军队现代化建设的战略目标和武器装备建设的实际需求,认识国防费在国防工业发展中的作用,分析我国国防费用于国防工业发展的现状,合理规划使用国防费,促进我国国防工业的良好发展。     

浅谈高技术条件下心理战的防御对策

未来高技术条件下的战争中,战场环境复杂多变,战争进程迅速激烈,作战样式与战场环境对军人心理影响极大。为了争取战争胜利,减少战争损失,战时军人的心理状态是至关重要的因素。因此,本文针对高技术条件下心理战争的特点,如何筑牢心理防线、强化心理训练、搞好信息控制等方面,提出了一些心理战防御对策。     

Local municipality productive efficiency and its determinants in South Africa

This paper assesses the technical efficiency of 231 local municipalities in South Africa for 2007 and investigates the potential determinants of efficiency gaps using the non-parametric data envelopment analysis technique. Efficiency scores are explained in a second-stage regression model using a Tobit regression model. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt, using such a technique, to assess technical efficiency at the local government level in the African context. The results show that, on average, B1 and B3 municipalities could have theoretically achieved the same level of basic services with about 16% and 80% fewer resources respectively. Furthermore, fiscal autonomy and the number and skill levels of the top management of a municipality's administration were found to influence the productive efficiency of municipalities in South Africa. Perhaps most importantly, the results depict a bleak picture of the democratic behaviour at the local level in South Africa. It appears that higher income and highly educated households do not feel the incentive to be active participants in public decision-making processes. The paper findings raise concerns over the future of local municipalities in the country, especially about their capability to efficiently deliver expected outcomes on a sustainable basis.     

Travel behaviour among inbound medical tourists in Kuala Lumpur

Despite recording the highest growth among tourism sub-sectors [Dhesi, D. (2009, March 25). Medical tourism rises in Malaysia despite economic downturn. The Star Online. Retrieved from http://www.malaysiahealthcare.com/; Leonard, T. (2009, July 24). Medical tourists to bring in RM 540 million by 2010. Retrieved from http://www.malaysiahealthcare.com/; Tourism Malaysia. (2008). Profile of tourist by selected markets 2008. Kuala Lumpur: Tourism Malaysia], little is known empirically with regard to travel behaviour among inbound medical tourists in Malaysia. This study examined the demographic profile, travel motivation, healthcare consumption, and expenditure behaviour among them in Kuala Lumpur. Using the combination of purposeful and convenience sampling, a total of 138 questionnaires were completed, returned, and analysed. The majority of the respondents were female, middle aged, travelling with two others and Indonesians. Their main travel motivation factors were ‘value for money’, ‘excellent medical services’, ‘supporting services’, ‘cultural similarity’, and ‘religious factor’ in descending order of importance. Medical treatment, cosmetic procedure, surgical procedure, and medical check-up were important healthcare services sought after by the respondents. On average, medical tourists spent MYR 26,844.19 per visit, with females and tourists of European descent contributing significantly more. Tourists from ASEAN had stronger motivation of ‘cultural similarity’ compared with other tourists. This paper is unique in providing the empirical evidence of the city's unique selling points (pull factors) in attracting inbound medical tourists. It also highlights the potential economic contribution and some managerial implications in terms of marketing and product development.     

国防科技投资成果转化风险的来源、评估和对策

国防科技投资成果的转化是决定国防科研价值实现的一个关键阶段．其重要性不言而喻：国防科技投资成果转化过程中的风险是不可避免的,要搞好成果转化就必须关注风险、规避风险、化解风险：对国防科技,投资成果转化中的风险的来源、风险评估以及面对风险所采取的对策进行了综述式和概要式的探讨。     

社会医疗保险对老人临终医疗服务利用的影响

本文利用2002-2014年CLHLS死亡人口数据,借助样本选择模型、两部分模型和bootstrap中介效应检验方法,首次比较全面深入地分析了社会医疗保险对老人临终总医疗费用支出和自负医疗费用支出的影响。研究发现,我国社会医疗保险既显著提高了老人临终医疗服务利用,也显著降低了自负水平。不同类型的社会医疗保险对临终医疗服务利用影响存在差异,医疗保险类型对临终医疗服务利用具有直接效应,医疗保险水平发挥了中介作用。医疗保险覆盖率在死亡年份影响临终医疗服务利用中发挥了中介作用。我国应该通过实行健康老龄化战略、加强死亡教育、发展临终关怀和完善医保监管等措施控制临终医疗支出增长以促进医疗保险可持续发展,并提升临终老人生存和死亡质量。