财政收入、财政支出与居民消费率

从财政政策收入分配功能的角度就财政收支对居民消费率的影响进行了理论分析,并采用全国数据和省级面板数据就财政收支对居民消费率的影响进行了实证分析。研究结果表明,我国过高的税负率对我国居民消费率的提高有负面影响,以间接税为主的财政收入结构不能实现社会财富再分配的均等化,不利于促进我国居民消费率的提高。财政消费性支出对居民消费具有挤出效应,而保障性支出有助于提高居民消费率。因此改变财政收支结构,强化财政收支的收入再分配功能是提高居民消费率的关键。     

民营企业参与国防科技工业的知识产权保护问题研究——以陕西宝鸡专用汽车有限公司为例

研究参与国防科技工业的民营企业的国防知识产权保护问题,对于破解制约科技创新和科技体制改革深层次问题具有重要的现实意义。我国民营企业参与国防科技工业知识产权的生成、权属及利益分配现状要求我们尽快出台可操作性强、适用范围广的国防知识产权制度,通过发挥政府引导协调功能,运用行政力量推进知识产权保护工作,构建企业专利网、组建专利联盟等方式促进知识产权信息交流,增强企业自主创新能力,推进专利技术产业化进程。     

关于公共支出与经济增长的国内外研究综述

公共支出与经济增长的关系一直以来为经济学家们所争论。持公共支出促进经济增长观点认为,政府公共支出在经济增长中发挥着重要作用,因为它为经济发展提供了大量的公共品和其他具有外部效应的公共福利或服务,从而鼓励和便利了私人投资,形成了一个较好的投资环境,促进了经济增长。而持反对意见的认为,公共支出往往是生产率较低的,为融通政府支出而形成的高税收又会对私人部门的消费和投资造成很大的负面影响,因此,必须缩减政府支出,才能保证经济增长。当然也有人持两者根本就没有关系的观点。     

优化国防费配置——我国国防工业发展的路径选择

如何使国防费在国防工业中配置得更合理,使国防费投入适应信息化条件下国防工业发展的客观要求,己成为迫切需要解决的一项重大而现实的课题。因此,有必要根据我国国防与军队现代化建设的战略目标和武器装备建设的实际需求,认识国防费在国防工业发展中的作用,分析我国国防费用于国防工业发展的现状,合理规划使用国防费,促进我国国防工业的良好发展。     

中国传统战略文化与当代中国国防理念

以中国传统“和合”文化为思想内核的中国传统战略文化,对当代中国国防理念产生了极其深远的影响,塑造了当代中国国防求和平、谋统一、尚义战、居安危、重防御的总体理念特征。     

Oil windfall,public spending and price stability: modelling inflation in Chad

This article examines the determinants of inflation in Chad using quarterly data from 1983:Q1 to 2009:Q3. The analysis is based on a single-equation model, completed by a Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR) model to capture inflation persistence. The results show that the main determinants of inflation in Chad are rainfall, foreign prices, exchange rate movements and particularly public spending, which soared following the onset of oil production in 2003. The effects of rainfall shocks and changes in foreign prices on inflation persist during six quarters. Changes in public spending and the nominal exchange rate affect inflation during three and four quarters, respectively.     

From Maputo to Malabo: public agricultural spending and food security in Africa

Africa is the world’s biggest battleground in the fight against hunger. African governments and the international development community have increasingly focused on finding ways and means to end hunger and ensure the right and access to food for the continent’s burgeoning population. Public spending on agriculture is one such measure. This study examines the role government spending on agriculture has played in enhancing the state of Africa’s food security over the past 25 years. We examine the existing relationship between the two, whether this relationship varies over time and space, and whether it depends on the amount spent. We explore various aspects of food security and check whether spending on research and development follows the same patterns as the overall public agricultural spending. We find some evidence of significant beneficial effects of public agricultural spending on food security but only for the countries which allocate greater proportions of their budgets to agriculture. Spending on agricultural research and development also shows a positive impact on Africa’s food security. There also exists some evidence supporting the temporal effects of public spending. We consider that the Maputo Declaration commitment to allocate at least 10% of public spending to agriculture pertinent.     

Evaluating the impact of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act’s BTOP on broadband adoption

The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act’s Broadband Technology Opportunities Program (BTOP) spent $4.7 billion during 2009–2013 to, inter alia, increase broadband adoption in underserved communities. We characterize the BTOP grants and examine the impact of the awards on broadband adoption. Econometric specifications controlling for award endogeneity related to observed and unobserved county-level factors find that spending is apparently associated with increased broadband adoption. Further investigation, however, reveals that the impacts of spending are nonlinear and even nonmonotonic over the range of county-level BTOP spending in the data. Controlling for trends to reduce the potential for spurious correlation between spending and outcomes removes most of the significance of the results. We conclude with three lessons for policymakers derived from the uncertain outcomes of BTOP spending found in our exploration.     

国防经济的地区性和外部性——中国的国防经济如何与经济建设协调发展

在当今国际关系复杂多变的背景下,即使各国间的博弈逐渐变得缓和,也改变不了国防经济在各国至关重要的作用。而对于世界上发展程度不同的国家,国防经济的发展程度也会不同,且不同的国防经济发展也对经济发展带来了不同的外部影响。本文是在综合了时代特征的情况下,探讨不同国家的不同程度的国防经济建设所揭示的地区性和所带来的外部性影响。     

Relative effects of store traffic and customer traffic flow on shopper spending

This article examines the relative effects of store traffic and customer traffic flow on shopper spending in a single study. An analysis of Croatian hypermarket survey data indicates that store traffic alone does not adequately explain shopper spending. Instead, gross customer traffic flow and realized customer traffic flow are stronger drivers of money spent. The article contributes to the retailing literature by clarifying the respective roles of store traffic and customer traffic flow. Recognizing the greater revenue-generating effect of in-store traffic flow, retailers should better design their store layout and merchandizing strategies to optimize traffic movement and boost store performance.