基于福利性财政支出城乡收入差距研究

基于中国1998—2012年31个省（直辖市、自治区）的省级面板数据,从地区和时间层面作为切入点构建固定效应模型和动态GMM模型,可以实证考察福利性财政支出对城乡收入差距的影响。研究表明：中国福利性财政支出在不同的时间和区域对城乡收入差距的影响表现出较大差异性;其中,教育、社会保障两项福利性财政支出占比对城乡收入差距的影响更大,医疗和财政支农支出表现出的影响相对较小,并且随着时间和区域的不同而各有正负作用。基于此,政府应该完善福利性财政支出结构,倾向于增加农村（特别是中、西部农村）福利性教育支出,并加大进城务工的民工的教育资源投入。其次,平衡城乡之间的社会保障支出比重,建立更加公平、可持续的社会保障体系     

The Effects of Fiscal Consolidation and Welfare Composition of Spending on Electoral Outcomes: Evidence from US Gubernatorial Elections between 1978 and 2006

This study attempts to make a contribution to the field of spending aspects of fiscal policy and their impacts on electoral outcome. Due to varying degrees of financial responsibilities and commitments to provide public goods and services, US state governments serve as a perfectly natural laboratory to test the electoral significance of fiscal policies. We adopt a probit model, with several specifications, to determine significant impacts of fiscal consolidation and increases in welfare spending on US gubernatorial elections from 1978 to 2006. The analyses show that voters are more concerned about the increase in debt than current budget deficits. An increase in welfare spending is negatively associated with reelection. Moreover, the impact of taxation on gubernatorial elections turns out to be insignificant. In particular, findings suggest that the political business cycle model does not hold true in US gubernatorial elections. Expansionary fiscal policy right before the election may not have crucial impacts on the chances of an incumbent winning the election.     

物流企业战略联盟风险及其防范研究

战略联盟作为组织关系中的一种制度创新,它已成为物流企业战略性调整和价值创造的重要手段。但是,物流企业战略联盟会面临不同的风险.本文给出了物流企业战略联盟的四种风险,并给出了规避风险的策略。     

实行中国国防经济制度创新的主要措施分析

国防经济保持持续又好又快发展是保证国防建设顺利进行的重要条件,同时也是保证国民经济健康持续发展的有力保障。在新时期条件下,我们应该做好国防经济制度创新,已适应不断变化的局势与与环境。本文就实行国防经济制度创新的措施进行分析。     

平战结合的人防地下室通风系统优化设计

介绍了兼顾平时、战时功能的人防地下室通风系统工程优化设计思路，以及在设计中人防设备的选择与布设等问题，对减少人防地下室室内设备和平时、战时转换工作量，降低工程造价具有重要意义。     

Public spending and economic growth: evidence from Ghana (1970–2004)

Governments undertake expenditures to pursue a variety of objectives, one of which is economic growth. This paper examines aggregated and disaggregated expenditure on economic growth in Ghana over the period 1970–2004. Expenditure on education and health represents human capital development, while expenditure on roads and waterways captures infrastructure development. The study reveals that the aggregated government expenditure retarded economic growth. The study's findings show that expenditures on health and infrastructure promote economic growth, while those on education had no significant impact in the short run. In addition, the political economy variables?namely the nature of governance (democracy) and political instability (years of changes in government and military dictatorship)?proved significant in explaining Ghana's economic growth over the study period.     

Food Stamps and Food Spending: An Engel Function Approach

Estimation of Food Stamp Program (FSP) effects has been complicated by self-selection and by a contradiction between observed spending patterns and the economic theory of consumer choice. We developed a modified version of the traditional theory, in which participant households may be partly extramarginal even if they have some cash spending on at-home food. Using Current Population Survey (CPS) data for 2001–2005, we estimated Engel functions for at-home and away-from-home food spending for FSP participants and nonparticipants. Compared to nonparticipants with the same level of total income, participants had higher at-home food spending and lower away-from-home food spending.     

AN ALTERNATIVE STRATEGIC DEFENCE AND SECURITY REVIEW: RECONSTITUTING A SHRINKING FORCE

This paper critically examines the 2010 Strategic Defence and Security Review. It is argued that despite budgetary constraints the government could build forces far more capable of power projection than envisaged under current plans. Defence is a true necessity but it does not have to be unaffordable provided risky procurement decisions are avoided.     

福建省高校国防教育工作现状调查及对策研究

本文通过问卷调查对福建省内89所高校国防教育的现状进行调查、分析,找出存在的问题,进而,从教学机制、教师队伍、学科建设及教学保障等方面进行了探讨,为高校如何更好地加强国防教育寻求对策,以促进高校国防教育的开展。     

THE EFFECT OF FDI ON LOCAL EDUCATION EXPENDITURES: EVIDENCE FROM THE UNITED STATES

The intense competition for foreign direct investment (FDI) by state and local governments within the United States has raised concerns among some that this leads to the underprovision of public services and possibly welfare losses for local communities. Economic analysis of this hypothesis yields mixed results. This paper investigates the impact of FDI on local education expenditures both theoretically and empirically. The theoretical model shows an ambiguous impact of FDI on local expenditures for education. Empirically using US state‐level data from 1991 to 2000 and the system‐GMM estimator that controls for fixed effects, times series issues and endogeneity, I find evidence that FDI is positively correlated with increased expenditures on education.