The Thrifty Food Plan and low-income households in the United States: What food groups are being neglected?

Food assistance programs in the United States provide low-income households with the resources to purchase a healthy, nutritious, and palatable diet, if they buy the market baskets of food outlined in the Thrifty Food Plan. This study compares the cost of these baskets with actual spending on food at home by low-income households. Simulations reveal at-home food spending by low-income households to represent only 86% of what is needed to follow the Thrifty Food Plan. Married couples with children and female-headed households with children spend only 73% and 82%, respectively, and just 43% and 50% for at-home fruits and vegetables.     

The Reasons of Income Gap between Urban and Rural Areas in China and its Policy Suggestions

This paper points out that one of the main reasons for income gap between urban and rural areas in china is difference of human capital reserve on education which are decided by Chinese government＇s urban area privileged policy and the current education system. This paper also compares the different human capital reserve in two area, and analyzes the under-qualified human capital reserve in rural areas is resulted by these following reasons： The shortage of public spending in compulsory education for several decades has contributed to low school attendance and the great illiteracy beyond urban areas; the inefficient educational system has caused peasants to lose interest in education; No support for adult education has closed the doors for adults to earn money in non-agricultural industries. Vocational schools cannot attract the huge number of potential customers since their curricula and skills are out of date. As policy suggestions, governments should invest enough money in compulsory rural education, and creating a pragmatic rural education system is also vital.     

Macroeconomic effects of government spending shocks: New narrative evidence from Canada

This paper examines the macroeconomic effects of government spending shocks in Canada for the period of 1949–2012. We construct a novel measure of news about exogenous government spending changes identified through the narrative approach. We use government documents, mostly the budget speech, to identify the size, timing, and principal motivation for all planned major federal government spending changes. To achieve identification, we consider those changes that are unrelated to the contemporaneous movements in the economy. The implied government spending multiplier estimates using our exogenous government spending news series are between 1.08 and 1.69.     

长江上游生态屏障建设的投入机制研究

长江上游生态屏障建设关系中下游地区的生态安全,因而,保障生态屏障建设质量至关重要。然而,长江上游生态屏障建设资金严重的供需失衡,直接影响生态屏障建设的质量。本文分析了长江上游生态屏障建设投入机制存在的主要问题及原因,提出了完善生态屏障建设投入机制的对策措施和政策建议。     

国防人力资本对国防工业企业产出贡献度的实证分析

本文主要研究国防人力资本对国防工业产出的增长效应,以及其对国防产出的贡献度.本文借鉴C-D生产函数、Lucas舶的人力资本模型以及二元经济理论,把国防人力资本作为影响国防工业产出的要素纳入到国防工业生产增长的实证分析模型中,从理论上分析国防工业企业中国防人力资本对国防工业产出的贡献度,用实证分析模型进行数理分析.通过分析国防工业产出增长与劳动力投入、物质资本投入、人力资本投入之间的关系,提出建立实证分析模型以及分析该模型的合理性及其现实意义,并建议加强国防工业企业中国防人力资本投入.     

大型研发企业的研发投入分析——基于全球前2000家企业研发投入数据

利用2006年全球研发投入居前2000位的企业数据,考察了这些企业研发投入的一些基本特征,如产业分布、国家分布,以及研发的集中度,并探讨了企业研发投入与企业规模之间的关系。研究结论是：研发具有产业异质性;研发在一些国家集中;企业研发的总量水平、研发比率、研发增长率与企业规模具有非线性关系．中型企业具有较高的研发投入量,而小型企业与大型企业具有较高有研发投入比,以及研发增长率。     

Fiscal policy,wealth divergence,and lifetime utility

Using a two-country dynamic optimization model where the less patient country decumulates and the more patient one accumulates wealth, we analyze spillover effects of lump-sum and consumption taxes. A lump-sum tax on a country definitely harms the other country through a change in the rate of interest. A lump-sum tax on either country always improves the less patient country's asset position. A consumption tax has no spillover effect, although it is Pareto-inferior. Applying these results into a closed-country context with heterogeneous agents, we also discuss policy implications of a discriminatory tax.     

Social Capital and the Linkages of High-Tech Companies to the Military Defense System: Is there a Signaling Mechanism?

This study investigates linkages of new Israeli high-tech companies to the military and defense system. We examine the impact of social capital, signaling, and learning spillovers on resource acquisition in terms of investments and the financial performance of companies with and without linkages. Social capital, signaling, and learning spillovers are examined as they impact individual and organizational resource acquisition and performance of 200 new Israeli high-tech companies. The study contributes to the existing literature of entrepreneurship by suggesting the relevance of knowledge spillovers, signaling theory and social capital to the context of the interface between defense and civilian spheres.     

论反倾销会计应诉的“度”

在反倾销诉讼中,掌握度的规则,抓住关节点,对提升会计应诉水平具有重要意义。从会计应诉的实践要求来看,着重从两个方面把握住度的要求：一是把握会计应诉决策的度,使会计应诉决策建立在科学的基础上;二是把握会计应诉各环节的度,提升会计应诉的针对性和有效性。     

俄罗斯国防工业技术“寓军于民”金融支持实践

俄罗斯大力推行国防科技工业企业一体化,并在许多领域,特别是在电子技术和信息技术领域都采取了许多有效的措施。同时国家政策倾向于对国防工业进行各种形式融资支持,其实践经验对中国有所启示。