麦洛维水电站工程粘土心墙坝的设计优化与工期延长

通过浅谈粘土心墙坝设计优化的原因和优化项目,从施工工艺和施工进度上分析优化对施工的影响以及对麦洛维水电站二期导流程序的影响。     

Contests where there is variation in the marginal productivity of effort

Summary. We provide a characterization of participants' behavior in a contest or tournament where the marginal productivity of effort varies across contestants and individual productivity is private information. We then consider the optimal design of such a contest. We first analyze contestant behavior for the usual type of contest, where the highest output wins. Abilities need not be independently distributed. We demonstrate that there is a unique symmetric equilibrium output function, that output is increasing in ability, and that marginal effort is increasing in ability, while effort decreases when the cost of effort increases. Next we consider the case where the highest output need not win, with independently distributed abilities. We analyze the contest designer's decisions in choosing contest rules optimal from her perspective. We show that the output produced, probability of winning, and contest designer's expected revenue are generally increasing in contestants' ability. We examine the relationship between the marginal cost of producing output and marginal utility per dollar of the net award for winning. Received: July 30, 1998; revised version: August 7, 2000     

中国环境关税体系建立的初步构想

环境关税体现了关税的环境保护职能,而且完全符合WTO的原则。目前,美国和OECD成员国等都已成功实施了环境关税措施。然而,中国还没有将环境保护作为一种指导思想贯穿到整个关税制度改革中。本文在简要介绍国外环境关税的实施现状和分析中国建立环境关税体系必要性的基础上,借鉴国外的成功经验,并结合中国的实际情况,提出了建立中国环境关税体系的初步构想。     

“设计陈述”也要设计——2010年上海世博会广西馆概念性策划方案的“设计陈述”剖析

工程项目设计不但要设计图纸,而且要设计“设计陈述”。以参加“2010年上海世博会广西馆概念性策划方案”的“设计陈述”为例,剖析如何通过设计演讲、标书、展板、光碟等多种“设计陈述”方式,积极促进工程项目业主及相关各方对项目方案设计图纸的理解与认可。“设计陈述”是完成设计工作不可或缺的一个重要组成部分,对进行设计沟通及实现设计价值影响颇深。     

建设项目设计阶段的投资控制

针对近年来国内建设项目普遍存在“三超”现象，分析了造成严重投资失控问题的主要原因，指出在设计阶段进行投资控制对于全面控制建设项目总投资的重要性。研究了如何运用价值工程、推行优化设计、限额设计和标准设计等方法，达到在设计阶段有效地控制投资的目的。     

中国菊花主题花展及其对行业发展的作用

以解决岩石园“如何设计”“为何设计”的问题入 手,通过分析国内外知名岩石园,从而得到当前岩石园规划设计 依据的类型,确定以高山生境特征作为设计依据。但高山生境在 城市中无法完全复制,因此仅以模仿其景观风貌特点作为设计依 据。以中国高山生境为例,通过对生长的高山植被景观风貌进行 提炼,得到高山植被外观风貌构建模式图;结合外观风貌特点, 提取高山植被景观元素特点和设计要点,通过植物种类替换,构 建出岩石园基于高山生境特征的植物造景设计模式     

液晶玻璃基板生产线中自动化控制技术的交互设计

交互设计应用到液晶玻璃生产线中,利用自动化控制技术解决设备问题的同时,改善用户体验,增强系统的可用性。通过在现场实际考察和操作以及对操作人员的了解,对系统中人机界面中画面颜色和布局,操作方便性和安全性,信息简洁明了等许多方面进行了优化,已成功应用到本公司现有生产线中,起到了良好的效果。     

Societal preferences for fertility treatment in Australia: a stated preference discrete choice experiment

Objective: To investigate preferences for fertility treatment from the Australian general population with the aims of calculating the willingness to pay in tax contribution for attributes (characteristics) that make up treatment and for an “ideal” fertility treatment program. We also assessed whether willingness-to-pay varies by the relationship status or sexual orientation of the patient.

Methods: A stated preference discrete choice experiment was administered to a panel of 801 individuals representative of the Australian general population. Seven attributes of fertility treatment under three broad categories were included: outcome, process, and cost. Attributes were identified through published literature, focus group discussions, expert knowledge, and a pilot study. A Bayesian fractional experimental design was used, and data analysis was performed using a generalized multinomial logit model. Further analyses included interaction terms and latent class modeling.

Results: Six of the seven attributes influenced the choice of a treatment program. Under process attributes, individuals preferred: continuity of care of clinic staff, where patients are seen by the same doctor but different nurses at each visit; “alternative” treatments being offered to all patients; and onsite clinic counseling and peer-support groups. Personalization and tailoring of the treatment journey were not important. Among outcome attributes, the improved success rate of having a baby per cycle and significant side-effects were considered important. Cost of treatment also influenced the choice of treatment program. Individual preferences for fertility treatment were not associated with patients’ relationship status or sexual orientation. Latent class modeling revealed sub-groups with distinct fertility treatment preferences.

Conclusion: This study provides important insights into the attributes that influence the preferences of fertility treatment in Australia. It also estimates socially-inclusive willingness-to-pay values in tax contributions for an “ideal” package of treatment. The results can inform economic evaluations of fertility treatment programs.     

关于如何建立教育网站的思考

随着信息化建设的浪潮,我区的许多教育网站应运而生。但是,目前网络上许多网站提供的学习资源还存在着系统性、实用性较差、结构松散等问题。学习者往往在网上漫游多时,获得的价值资料却不多,难以满足教育培养目标的需求。     

浅谈供应商的选择与管理

通过分析企业在产品研发、试制、生产阶段的生产要求与特点,阐述了供应商选择与评价的基本要求,并针对不同阶段供应商质量管理的特点,提出了改进供应商产品和服务质量切实有效的策略与方法。