综合国家距离对中国入境旅游的影响——基于CAGE距离框架的实证研究

入境旅游在旅游发展中具有重要战略地位,而我国入境旅游发展相对滞后,甚至影响到我国服务贸易的高质量发展。旅游具有异地性特征,现有研究往往从文化距离、行政距离、地理距离或经济距离等单一距离开展研究。然而,多种距离同时影响游客决策,单一距离模型降低了距离因素的解释力,同时纳入模型又会造成共线性问题,导致现有研究结论间存在矛盾,阻碍理论发展与应用。Ghemawat提出的国家距离框架基于多种距离形成评价总体国家距离的综合国家距离,得到普遍认可。文章基于国家距离框架,整合来自世界银行数据库、霍夫斯泰德文化维度官方数据、双边地理距离数据库、世界经济论坛等相关数据,形成2006—2018年我国55个客源国入境旅游的平衡面板数据,系统分析了综合国家距离对入境游客量的主效应、非线性影响,以及客源国互联网使用率的调节作用,得到如下结论:(1)综合国家距离是影响我国入境游客量的显著变量,距离对入境游的影响是文化距离、行政距离、地理距离和经济距离的复合效应;(2)综合国家距离与入境游客量之间呈正U形关系,综合国家距离可以是入境旅游的阻碍因素,也可以是促进因素,入境游客量随着综合国家距离增加而先减少后增加;(3)客源国互联网使用率没有弱化综合国家距离的影响,反而产生极化作用,极化了综合国家距离在拐点左侧的负影响和在拐点右侧的正影响。以上发现的主要价值为:(1)增进了对距离因素在国际旅游中作用的理解,提出影响入境游客量的综合国家距离变量;(2)识别出综合国家距离与入境游客量呈现正U形关系,证实综合国家距离是细分客源国市场的新变量;(3)揭示出客源国互联网使用率对综合国家距离产生的极化效应,突出了我国采用互联网传播目的地形象的必要性和重要性。     

发达国家移民政策中的人才筛选及启示

发达国家移民政策中引进的人才可分为基于国家战略需要的杰出人才、基于劳动力市场需求的高技能人才、基于人力资本存储形式的潜人才和基于国家经济发展需要的创业投资人才等四类,这四类人才的筛选原则是：特殊贡献和学术机构推荐、移民职业清单和积分评估、学历层次和学术成就、经济贡献等.我国应当借鉴发达国家移民政策人才筛选的成功经验,引入积分评估制度,适当放宽技术移民的筛选条件,完善投资移民的评估体系.     

世界银行治理结构改革与中国的应对策略

世界银行在全球经济治理中发挥着重要作用,但随着新兴经济体的崛起和近年来金融危机、债务危机频发,世界银行治理结构所存在的制度性缺陷显露无遗,相应改革势在必行。但是,由于世界银行具有公共组织与股份公司的双重属性,使得改革方向出现分歧,改革进程推进缓慢。从根本上说,世界银行改革中发达国家与发展中国家并不存在不可调和的利益冲突,在减贫等问题上双方存在着合作的基础。中国应积极推进世界银行治理结构改革：首先,必须明确“负责任、有作为的大国”定位,表现出推动改革的积极态度;其次,要紧密围绕“发展”主题,注重长远利益;再次,要加强对世界银行人事安排的参与;最后,要积极构建世界银行框架下发展中国家沟通与合作的正式协调机制。     

论朝鲜族农村空壳化的生态隐患——生态人类学视野下的现代社区变迁

朝鲜族进入东北以后建构了湿润寒冷地带的稻作文化。近年来，为了适应族际社会环境的剧变，朝鲜族居民的自然性适应成果搁浅，最终以农村空壳化的形式表现出来，给当地埋下了严重的生态隐患，并直接威胁着朝鲜族社会的稳定发展。本文立足于文化适应视角，分析柳河朝鲜族农村空壳化形成的文化成因及其后果，并提出了建构“都市—农村—体化”模式的建议。     

Home country effects of foreign direct investment: From a small economy to a large economy

Previous studies on home country effects mainly focused on FDI from large developed economies to other countries. But today's super recipient is a relatively larger economy than its investors and many of these investors are not classified as “developed economies.” A simple Ak type model implies that a small and more developed country investing in a large and less developed country will experience decreases in both employment and income disparity (compared to the recipient country) as the less-developed recipient country gains the higher technology of production through FDI inflows. The empirical results for the Four Tigers (source countries) and China (recipient country) are consistent with our theoretical model of FDI outflows. We also find that FDI outflows to China decrease the ratio of exports to GDP only for small source countries, even though a higher investment in China raises the share of these countries' exports-to-China to China's total imports.     

支持农村金融发展的货币政策视角分析

新农村建设和金融体系的发展与完善需要农村金融体系的快速发展与完善，其核心是构建新型农村金融机构体系。促进农村金融体系建设的核心就是发展和完善农村金融机构，其基本途径是在对各金融机构市场功能进行明确界定的基础上，政府予以适当支持，而支持的最优手段是通过市场化的途径培育和提高它们的市场竞争能力。文章认为，央行的三大货币政策工具可以实现这一目标，并对三大工具提供支持的途径和操作方式进行了探索性的分析论证。     

品牌来源国和产品制造国对消费者产品质量评价和购买意愿的影响

This research explores the different effects of brand origin country and made-in country on consumers’ product evaluations and purchase intention. It is found that made-in cues have significant impacts on quality evaluation while brand origin cues influence purchase intention more prominently. Product quality is perceived lower when a brand from developed country is manufactured in developing countries, however, this may not affect consumers’ purchase intentions.      

Structural or Cultural: An Exploration into Influences on Consumers' Shopping Behavior of Country Specific Factors versus Retailing Formats

Abstract

This paper examines shoppers' behavior at regional shopping malls and neighborhood centers in two countries. Although some universal behavior patterns exist, shoppers' motivation, selection criteria and purchase behaviors were found to vary across cultures, and/or the type of shopping facilities. More importantly, the impact of the type of shopping facility on purchase and on shopping selection criteria, such as convenience, were found to be moderated by country factor, thus showing significant interactions of culture with types of shopping places.     

The Country-of-Origin Effect and Consumer Attitudes to “Buy Local” Campaign

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to investigate the relationship between ethnocentrism of Ghanaian consumers and their attitudes toward a “buy local” campaign. Two hundred and thirty three consumers were interviewed in Cape Coast, the capital city and administrative centre of the Central region of Ghana. Data for the study were collected through interviewing using the mall intercept approach and factor analysed. Our findings show a relationship between ethnocentrism and attitudes of Ghanaian consumers toward the “buy local” campaign. Furthermore, the factor analysis results indicate that the attitudes of the Ghanaian consumers to the buy locally-made products can be characterized as protectionist, nationalistic, and self-interest. Implicitly, the consumers will buy Ghanaian-made products where they are of comparable quality and price as foreign-made products. This requires companies to ensure that their products are of high quality and prices are commensurate with quality. This study contributes to the ethnocentrism and country of origin literature pertaining to the African region, which is sorely under-researched.