发达地区与不发达地区可持续发展的协调机制

区域经济发展的不平衡是一个国家经济发展过程中的必然表现。协调地区经济既要解决公平问题,又不能牺牲效率。按此要求,协调地区经济有两个机制:市场协调和政府协调。     

发达国家食用农产品安全生产策略性理念及其启示

发达国家食用农产品安全生产中所采用的污染者付费原则、生态标签工程,给定标准的强制执行、技术援助、三优先政策等策略性理念,值得我国主动学习、细心领会乃至切实借鉴.     

发达经济体愿景下开发性普惠金融的战略思考

为了跨越\"中等收入陷阱\",应将普惠金融与经济转型升级有机结合起来.由于普及性普惠金融局限性明显,所以,为了实现进入发达经济体的目标,有必要大力发展开发性普惠金融.与普及性普惠金融的\"供血功能\"不同,开发性普惠金融是一种\"造血式\"融资并提供相关金融服务,着眼于社会不同层级经济主体之间的生产分工合作,能提高劳动生产率并共享经济增长的成果.基于发达经济体愿景,提出了发展开发性普惠金融的基本框架,旨在促使整个产业链的价值提升,调整社会收入分配结构.     

论欠发达地区区域创新的几个主要特点

欠发达地区的总体特点是二元经济在同一区域并存,其区域创新存在需求水平低、生产要素质量差、产业落后、硬环境条件差、组织机体不活、制度陈旧、文化保守等七个方面的功能性障碍。因此,欠发达地区的区域创新与发达地区不同的特殊性是：初级、中级要素主导阶段的创新对它具有普遍意义;城市是区域创新的主导,农村是区域创新的主战场;制度、体制、文化创新重于需求、要素、产业、硬环境等因素创新;优先实现特色产业的创新和现代化比建立全面现代化产业体系更重要;实施以学习型、模仿型二次一刨新为主体的创新方略;选择城乡互动的合作创新模式;基层政府、技术推广机构、基础教育培训机构、家庭对区域创新发挥更突出的作用。     

The Contingent Tariff of the Special Safeguard Mechanism: What Happens When Markets are Imperfectly Competitive?

Contingent tariffs for agri‐food commodities have been proposed as a Special Safeguard Mechanism (SSM) in the Doha Round negotiations by the G33 group of countries as an instrument to control downward spikes in their border prices and/or surges of imports. The objective is to safeguard the livelihood security of farm households in poor countries. To date, most analysis of such tariffs uses stochastic partial equilibrium models with perfect competition. Yet in many markets for such commodities, imperfectly competitive market intermediaries play an important role in determining producers' prices, as do state trading enterprises (STEs). A stochastic partial equilibrium model of a typical importing country situation is specified in which there are either imperfectly competitive domestic intermediaries with a contingent tariff or an STE. The role of these intermediaries in influencing price behaviour and livelihood security in the presence of contingent tariffs alters the conclusion based on models of perfect competition. Using Monte‐Carlo simulation, it is shown that the efficacy of a contingent tariff is substantially reduced as the number of firms declines because increasingly they absorb the tariff, and the procurement price and producer surplus do not increase to the extent that they do under perfect competition.     

强化集镇文化功能建设的对策研究

[目的]集镇由农村集市发展而来,它除了具备传统的物品交易功能,还对农村文化建设具有重要的推动作用。该研究旨在探寻发挥集镇在农村文化建设中的积极功能的有效途径,确保农村文化建设在形式和内容上与中华民族伟大复兴的现实要求保持一致。[方法]文章对集镇与农村文化建设的概念及相互联系进行了分析,并在此基础上阐明了集镇在农村文化建设中的系列功能以及其在农村文化建设功能发挥方面存在的问题,提出了解决问题的思路。[结果]集镇是农村文化的酝酿平台、融合平台和拓展平台,能有效地推动农村文化建设,为丰富广大农民的精神文化生活提供重要支持,但当前集镇在推动农村文化建设的过程中也呈现出了一些问题,如不能主动引导文化建设的方向,不能及时完善文化基础设施,不能有效实施文化活动管理等,给农村文化建设的有序推进带来了一定的困扰。[结论]只有强化集镇文化功能建设,把握集镇农村文化建设的方向,优化集镇文化基础设施,规范集镇文化活动管理,才能有效发挥集镇的在文化建设中的积极功能,促进农村文化建设的健康发展。     

欧盟企业合并控制法的域外效力

欧盟控制企业合并的法律主要体现于1989年欧盟理事会通过的4064号条例。为了维护共同体内部的有效竞争,防止跨国企业的合并所带来的负面影响,该条例在域外效力上采用了效果原则,这一原则的适用有效地维护了共同市场的利益,但同时也在域外适用上造成了法律冲突。为此,欧盟推行礼让制度,并积极寻求国际合作,这些努力在实践中产生了积极的影响。     

中国OFDI的出口效应：抑制还是促进？——基于21国面板数据的实证研究

近10年来中国从一个引资大国逐渐发展为对外投资大国。理论上,对外直接投资既可能抑制出口也可能促进出口。本文在引力模型的框架下利用2003年-2011年中国21个贸易投资对象国的面板数据,实证分析了中国对外直接投资的出口效应。结果显示,中国对外直接投资对出口贸易有一定的促进作用,但总体不显著。将样本分为发达国家与发展中国家后发现：对外直接投资轻微抑制了向发达国家的出口贸易,但显著地促进了对发展中国家的出口贸易。最后对这一差异作出理论解释。     

中国贸易增长的大国效应与“合成谬误”

外贸增长的大国效应会发生福利的对外转移支付,这一观点成为质疑立足比较优势实现出口导向发展战略的重要论据。本文基于UNCTAD 1995年以来的商品贸易数据分析发现:2002年以来,由于其他以制成品出口为导向的新兴经济体的崛起和中国外贸的进一步扩张。中国外贸增长的大国效应才得以凸显,中国外贸增长对外福利转移效应在合成谬误条件下更加明显。这意味着中国外贸发展呼吁战略调整以避免合成谬误。     

Implementation of healthy food environment policies to prevent nutrition-related non-communicable diseases in Ghana: National experts’ assessment of government action

Nutrition-related non-communicable diseases (NR-NCDs) are a global health problem, increasingly recognised as driven by unhealthy food environments. Yet little is known about government action to implement food environment-relevant policies, particularly in low-and lower-middle income countries. This study assessed government action, implementation gaps, and priorities to improve the food environment in Ghana. Using the Healthy Food-Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI), a panel comprising government and independent experts (n = 19) rated government action to improve the healthiness of food environment in Ghana against international best practices and according to steps within a policy cycle. Forty-three good practice indicators of food environment policy and infrastructure support were used, with ratings informed by systematically collected evidence of action validated by government officials. Following the rating exercise, the expert panel proposed and prioritized actions for government implementation. Three-quarters of all good practice indicators were rated at ‘low’/‘very little’ implementation. Restricting the marketing of breast milk substitutes was the only indicator rated “very high”. Of ten policy actions prioritized for implementation, restricting unhealthy food marketing in children’s settings and in the media were ranked the highest priority. Providing sufficient funds for nationally-relevant research on nutrition and NCDs was the highest priority infrastructure-support action. Other priority infrastructure-support actions related to leadership, monitoring and evaluation. This study identified gaps in Ghana’s implementation of internationally-recommended policies to promote healthy food environments. National stakeholders recommended actions, which will require legislation and leadership. The findings provide a baseline for measuring government progress towards implementing effective policies to prevent NR-NCDs.