Young people with intellectual disabilities and sport as a leisure activity: notions from the Finnish welfare society

Although disability sports have recently received positive attention, little concern has been directed towards them in youth research. In this article, we discuss the free-time sports in which youth with intellectual disabilities engage as a part of their leisure and their association with their peers. We maintain that every young person has a principal right to leisure and question what kinds of access youth with intellectual disabilities have to local sports communities in the Finnish context. Our empirical data consist of notes collected during sports training; interviews with young sports participants, their supervisors, and their parents; and online survey responses. Almost all sports are equally accessible to everyone; however, practical engagement in sports is not equally easy for everyone because long distances, lack of transportation, unsuitable sporting occasions and teams, or incapable coaches limit individuals’ participation possibilities. Furthermore, symbolic structures, such as neglectful attitudes, restrict the visibility of youth with intellectual disabilities in leisure sports. In many ways, supporting networks become significant when access to sport is under scrutiny. The most important enabling and restricting factors are families’ symbolic and material capital, as well as the unequal, poorly guided, and occasional leisure possibilities in different localities.     

A review of empirical research on interorganizational relations in tourism

During the last few decades, a growing body of literature has been produced on various aspects of interorganizational relations (IOR) in tourism. This paper provides a review of that literature. The findings are based on a review of 269 empirical papers published in 37 tourism journals between 1989 and the first quarter of 2017. The review identifies six main research themes relating to relationship formation, structure and activities, governance, maintenance, outcomes, and evolution. Based on the insights from this review, an organizing framework for research on IOR in tourism is developed and four opportunities for advancing research on IOR in tourism are proposed relating to the pursuit of causal inference, supply networks as a unit of analysis, quantifying outcomes of IOR in tourism, and addressing marginalized topics.     

福建省新一轮林改的主要内容及其特色分析——福建省新一轮林改研究之二

分析了福建省新一轮林改的主要内容及其具体做法,包括明晰山林产权归属,核发山林产权证书,以及进行相关的配套改革等,指出这是一次针对林业生产关系和林业分配体制的大调整。在此基础上明确了新一轮林改的主要特色及其理论贡献:一是使林地所有权与经营权得以真正地分离,林木所有权和经营权得到落实;二是理顺了林业生产与家庭经营之间的关系,指出2者之间不存在根本的矛盾;三是在集体山林产权的初始界定方面实现了平等。     

The Effect of Information Communication Technology and Corporate Organizational Reforms on Productivity in Japan: Firm- level Evidence

Our main objective in this paper is to understand how Japanese firms can increase productivity by utilizing Information and Communication Technology (ICT). E-commerce, BPO (Business Process Outsourcing), and SCM (Supply Chain Management) are popular in Japan, so a new type of ICT might offer an opportunity for Japanese firms to change current business relations or to start up new ones. The novelty of this paper is in its empirical study of the combination of ICT promotion and a variety of business organizational changes needed to discover which type of business organizational change is suitable for raising productivity in Japan. For workplace organization within firms, we discuss the decentralization or centralization of decision-making power and the flattening of the corporate hierarchy. For business relational changes, we discuss the outsourcing of the business process and the start up of new business relations. Our main result is that in general, the promotion of ICT has better effects in reforms related to changes in business relations among business partners, rather than to reforms within a firm. Starting up new business relations that require planning and R&D show the best chances of raising productivity using ICT promotion.     

旅游公共关系研究

旅游业与公共关系有着密不可分的紧密联系,建立旅游公共关系学学科体系十分必要。从旅游与公共关系的关系角度入手,讨论了旅游公共关系的基本原理和基本操作技巧     

Management and Business Research on Commercial Diplomacy: Examining Trends and Themes

This article reviews the literature of commercial diplomacy during the period 1960–2014 from a management angle and is organized around four major themes: (1) government’s export/trade promotion function; (2) institutional/organizational arrangements; (3) managerial roles and activities; and (4) interaction between commercial diplomats and businesses. A complementary quantitative analysis tracing current research trends reveals the emergence of relevant publications at the end of the 1970s and a real increase after 2000. It also confirms the relative scarcity of commercial diplomacy literature focusing on the business and management dimension. Gaps in current literature are identified, and suggestions for further research are presented.     

旅游区域的城市与景区空间匹配及其实践意义

城市和景区是区域旅游网络中两个基本节点,它们之间关系紧密,包含多种空间匹配关系。数量关系上由一对一匹配、一对多匹配、多对一匹配、多对多匹配构成;等级关系上由正位匹配和倒位匹配构成;距离关系上由城区城郊型、一日游型、离散型构成;几何分布关系上由点轴匹配和面状匹配构成;管理匹配关系上由同位管理匹配和异位管理匹配构成。分析城市与景区空间匹配组合特征,对于寻找合理的景区依托城镇、采取正确的区域旅游发展战略等都具有重要的实践意义。     

个性特征、劳动契约与员工劳动关系满意度--基于广州市花都区部分员工的问卷调查分析

基于广州市花都区部分企业员工的调查数据,通过探索性因子分析及验证性因子分析发现,员工劳动关系满意度由工资福利、工作特性与氛围和社会环境与服务三个维度构成。签订短期劳动契约的员工对工资福利的满意度最高,签订中长期劳动契约的员工对工作特性与氛围、社会环境与服务的满意度最高。年龄越大,其劳动关系满意度越高;劳动者工作转换次数与其劳动关系满意度呈负相关。由此,应该积极推进劳动契约全覆盖并鼓励企业与员工签订中长期劳动契约;严格工资管理,维护职工权益;强化职业认同,减少员工工作转换频率。     

论私营企业产权制度变迁的实现机制

产权制度是社会发展的主要动力之一,它决定着社会如何组织生产和进行分配,因此,规范而有效率的产权制度是现代经济发展的基石。如何建立起高效的产权制度,是我国私营企业在发展过程中应该考虑的核心问题。本文对我国私营企业产权制度变迁及实现机制进行了系统分析。     

皖江城市带承接产业转移示范区醮SWOT辩证分析

皖江城市带承接产业转移示范区是安徽省第一个国家战略，意义重大。通过SWOT分析可知，皖江城市示范区承接产业转移优势与劣势并存，机遇和挑战共在。从整体来看优势和机遇大于劣势和挑战，但必须要清楚认识到，优势与劣势、机遇与挑战可以相互转化。优势与机遇是潜在的，需要我们积极利用和抓住它，真正促进示范区建设。对于劣势与挑战，我们要学会变换角度思考，劣势中蕴含优势，挑战中存在机遇。