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排序方式: 共有973条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
31.
Simulated economic impacts in applied trade modelling: A comparison of tariff aggregation approaches
This paper assesses the performance of two recently developed tariff aggregators in reducing tariff aggregation bias by analysing Swiss beef market liberalisation scenarios. Specific relevant sources of bias are addressed: substitution effects on import demand, Tariff Rate Quotas and overprotection in tariffs. The aggregators are linked to a global large-scale partial equilibrium model and benchmarked against a standard aggregator. The choice of the aggregation method shows considerable effects on simulated economic impacts, specifically if the dispersion in tariffs or tariff cuts is large. A large bias is revealed in simulated gains from trade liberalisation using the standard aggregator. The impacts on traded quantities are found to be overestimated, while price and welfare effects can be higher or lower by switching to alternative aggregation methods. By reducing aggregation bias and depicting negotiated tariff schedules more directly, the proposed aggregators enhance the contribution of trade modelling to evidence-based policy making. 相似文献
32.
This study examines a symmetric private-value second-price auction model in which the seller solicits bidders at a cost, sets a reserve price, and receives a payoff which is a convex combination of revenue and welfare. The bidder’s valuations are drawn from a distribution with a decreasing hazard rate and non-decreasing virtual valuations. We find that at equilibrium the seller adopts an advertising policy which minimizes the uncertainty over the number of participants, and sets a reserve price which only depends on the distribution of valuations and the weight on revenue in the objective function. A welfare-maximizing seller is shown to advertise more than a revenue-maximizing seller, and a ceteris paribus increase in the advertising level is proved to increase the expected winner’s rent. 相似文献
33.
This paper discusses an optimal investment, consumption, and life insurance purchase problem for a wage earner in a complete market with Brownian information. Specifically, we assume that the parameters governing the market model and the wage earner, including the interest rate, appreciation rate, volatility, force of mortality, premium-insurance ratio, income and discount rate, are all random processes adapted to the Brownian motion filtration. Our modeling framework is very general, which allows these random parameters to be unbounded, non-Markovian functionals of the underlying Brownian motion. Suppose that the wage earner’s preference is described by a power utility. The wage earner’s problem is then to choose an optimal investment-consumption-insurance strategy so as to maximize the expected, discounted utilities from intertemporal consumption, legacy and terminal wealth over an uncertain lifetime horizon. We use a novel approach, which combines the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation and backward stochastic differential equation (BSDE) to solve this problem. In general, we give explicit expressions for the optimal investment-consumption-insurance strategy and the value function in terms of the solutions to two BSDEs. To illustrate our results, we provide closed-form solutions to the problem with stochastic income, stochastic mortality, and stochastic appreciation rate, respectively. 相似文献
34.
Kamille Sofie TÅgholt Gad Jeppe Woetmann Nielsen 《Scandinavian actuarial journal》2016,2016(10):876-904
Uncertain time of retirement and uncertain structure of retirement benefits are risk factors for life insurance companies. Nevertheless, classical life insurance models assume these are deterministic. In this paper, we include the risk from stochastic time of retirement and stochastic benefit structure in a classical finite-state Markov model for a life insurance contract. We include discontinuities in the distribution of the retirement time. First, we derive formulas for appropriate scaling of the benefits according to the time of retirement and discuss the link between the scaling and the guarantees provided. Stochastic retirement creates a need to rethink the construction of disability products for high ages and ways to handle this are discussed. We show how to calculate market reserves and how to use modified transition probabilities to calculate expected cash flows without significantly more complexity than in the traditional model. At last, we demonstrate the impact of stochastic retirement on market reserves and expected cash flow in numerical examples. 相似文献
35.
Christine Ngoc Ngo 《Journal of economic issues》2016,50(4):1045-1068
In this article, I construct an original analytical framework, called the developmental rent management analysis (DRMA), for the analysis of rents and rent management. This framework is based on the premise that successful rent management depends on political and institutional arrangements to produce incentives and pressures for technical upgrading and innovation. This is because, while rents are created for a variety of purposes, rent outcomes — whether growth-enhancing or growth-reducing — depend on a set of political, institutional, and market conditions that take place formally and informally. Therefore, the key objective of the DRMA framework is to understand how a country’s politics, institutions, and industries are configured to incentivize and compel industrial upgrading. Thus, DRMA enables a broader and more complex understanding of the various factors at play in the process of development. I provide an illustrative application of the DRMA framework using the Vietnamese experience of adopting third-generation technology in the telecommunications industry. 相似文献
36.
This paper analyzes the solution of linear mixed-type functional differential equations with either predetermined or non-predetermined variables. Conditions characterizing the existence and uniqueness of a solution are given and related to the local stability and determinacy properties of the steady state. In particular, it is shown that the relationship between the uniqueness of the solution and the stability of the steady-state is more subtle than the one that holds for ordinary differential equations, and gives rise to new dynamic configurations. 相似文献
37.
基于CGSS数据,利用Heckman样本选择模型对中国国有部门与非国有部门的工资差异和影响因素进行系统研究。回归结果显示,国有部门员工的教育收益率高于非国有部门,教育收益率与学历水平呈现正相关关系,与非国有部门相比,国有部门中大学本科及以上学历员工的教育收益率更高。工资差异分解结果表明,两部门全样本工资差异中市场歧视占比高于特征差异占比,与全样本相比,大学本科及以上学历员工的工资总差异和特征差异占比更高,系数差异占比更低,说明高学历群体中部门间工资差异更为明显,而且两部门中仍存在较严重的劳动力市场分割和就业歧视问题。因此,政府应努力消除劳动力的流动性障碍,深化国有部门市场化改革,制定更为合理的工资机制,以促进中国经济的持续健康稳定增长。 相似文献
38.
文章以竞赛理论为视角,分析当前我国银行业整体业绩表现突出的原因。得出如下结论:银行业垄断、存贷高利差、信息优势以及货币产品经营者等"先天优势"促成了我国银行业大赢家的局面。这一局面会激励各行业之间展开银行牌照竞赛,产生租金耗散,影响实体经济。文章对此进行分析,并得出结论与政策建议。 相似文献
39.
We construct a sequence of functions that uniformly converge (on compact sets) to the price of an Asian option, which is written on a stock whose dynamics follow a jump diffusion. The convergence is exponentially fast. We show that each element in this sequence is the unique classical solution of a parabolic partial differential equation (not an integro‐differential equation). As a result we obtain a fast numerical approximation scheme whose accuracy versus speed characteristics can be controlled. We analyze the performance of our numerical algorithm on several examples. 相似文献
40.