Bioeconomic analysis of protected area use in fisheries management*

Protected areas in fishery management have been suggested to hedge management failures and variation in harvests. In this paper, a stochastic bioeconomic model of a two-species fishery in the Manning Bioregion is used to test the performance of protected areas as a management tool in a fishery. The establishment of a protected area is analysed under the assumption of heterogenous environments that are linked via density-dependent or sink-source stock dispersal relationships. The sensitivity of the results to different degrees of management is also explored. The model is applied to the Ocean Prawn Trawl, and Ocean Trap and Line fisheries within Manning Bioregion in New South Wales, Australia. The focus of the study is placed on the biological and institutional characteristics that yield benefits to the fishery. It was found that protected area use in the Manning Bioregion is likely to have differing effects on the two fisheries examined, benefiting Ocean Trap and Line fishers but adversely affecting Ocean Prawn Trawl fishers. Overall, it is unlikely that protected area use will lead to an increase resource rent in the fishery.     

重点国有林区产业结构综合效益的影响及评价

通过测算2003~2013年重点国有林区产业结构综合效益指数Z及产业结构贡献份额指数Z',对林区产业结构综合效益进行综合评价,得到以下主要结论:2003~2013年Z值与Z'值均大于零,反映了期间林区产业结构效益较好,产业结构实现了一定程度的优化;2005~2010年Z值与Z'值的变动趋势始终保持很高的一致性水平,说明产业结构调整长期以来对重点国有林区产业结构效益及经济发展具有重要影响;2003~2004年Z值和Z'值的变动趋势是相反的,Z值上升,Z'值下降,说明技术进步因素对改善林区产业结构效益同样具有积极作用。建议进一步调整和优化产业结构,增加产业发展的技术含量,为重点国有林区充分应对全面停伐新常态提供支撑。     

城市化进程中的乡村衰落现象：成因及治理——“乡村振兴战略”实施视角的分析

党的十九大报告提出了“实施乡村振兴战略”。乡村振兴是“中国梦”不可或缺的组成部分,城市化进程中的乡村衰落现象不容忽视,乡村问题的解决关系到乡村振兴战略能否实现和现代乡村能否建成。为此,剖析了我国乡村衰落的成因,探索了乡村振兴战略落实的办法,提出了现代乡村建设的可能路径。     

Financing the sustainable management of Rwanda's protected areas

Rwanda's Nyungwe National Park is a biodiversity hotspot with the most endemic species in the ecoregion and the highest number of threatened species internationally. Nyungwe supplies critical ecosystem services to the Rwandan population including water provisioning and tourism services. Tourism in the Park has strong potential for financing enhanced visitor experiences and the sustainable management of the Park. This paper explores quantitatively the economic impacts of adjustment in Park visitation fees and tourism demand as a source of revenues to improve Park tourism opportunities and ongoing operations and maintenance. The methods developed in this paper are novel in integrating the results of stated preference techniques with a regional computable general equilibrium modelling approach to capture multisectoral, direct, indirect and induced impacts. Such methods have strong potential for assessing revenue generation alternatives in other contexts where park managers are faced with the need to generate additional revenue for sustainable park management while facing diminishing budget allocations. Results of this analysis demonstrate that adjustment of Park fees has a relatively small impact on the regional economy and well-being when compared with a strategy aimed at generating increased tourism demand through investment in improving the visitor experience at Nyungwe National Park.     

我国东西部城市旅游的差异分析

城市是区域发展的核心与枢纽 ,城市旅游的发展状况影响着区域旅游发展的结构、规模和水平。本文从我国区域旅游发展不平衡的现状出发 ,从城市化水平、旅游整体水平、旅游空间结构、旅游产品与模式等方面分析了东部和西部城市旅游的差异。为西部旅游开发提供了一定的参考。     

Recreational benefits from a marine protected area: A travel cost analysis of Lundy

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have been proposed in many countries as a means of conserving parts of the marine environment. In some cases, MPAs may also confer recreational benefits. In this paper, a travel cost model is used to estimate the non-market recreational benefits arising from the Lundy Island Marine Nature Reserve (MNR). The estimated mean consumer surplus for visiting Lundy was found to range from £359 to £574 per trip. The designation of No Take Zone (NTZ) has also contributed to higher consumer surplus values. This result provides a strong economic justification for the designation of MPAs for recreational as well as conservation purposes.     

欠发达地区农村居民最低生活保障制度研究——安徽省农村最低生活保障调查

最低生活保障制度是政府对家庭人均收入低于最低生活保障标准的贫困人口进行救助的一种新型社会救助制度,本文以安徽省部分贫困县农村最低生活保障实施情况调研资料为基础,对欠发达地区农村居民最低生活保障制度的建立与实施作深层次剖析。并针对在执行过程中的具体困难,明确各级政府在这项工作中的责任。     

民族地区农村信用社小额信贷可持续发展的思考——基于贵州省长顺县马路乡小额信贷的调查分析

民族地区农村信用社大力推广农户小额信贷是农村信用社生存竞争、改善经营的需要,是解决农民贷款难、帮助农民增收的需要,是促进农村产业结构调整的需要,是规范农村金融秩序、促进农村信用文化建设的需要。但是在推广过程中,由于小额信贷存在资金供求矛盾大、利率低、期限短、额度小、具有一定风险等问题,限制了民族地区农村信用社小额信贷的可持续发展。文章根据民族地区农村信用社小额信贷存在的问题给出相应的对策建议。     

农村中小学生场认知风格、学业成绩与家庭社会经济地位（SES）的关系

目的研究场认知风格、学业成绩与家庭经济地位的关系。方法用镶嵌图形测验（简称EFT）和自编的家庭SES问卷对553名中小学生施测,并收集期终考试成绩。结果①母亲职业、父母职业总分、家庭SES总分与EFr得分在9年级呈显著正相关（P〈0．01）。父亲职业与EFT得分在4、5、9年级呈显著正相关（P〈0．05）;父母学历与EFT得分各年级相关均未达到显著。②家庭SES得分与学习成绩总分各年级相关均未达到显著。结论家庭经济地位对场认知风格的形成和学业成绩有影响,但是在不同的年龄阶段影响不同。     

农村老年人的生活状况与农村养老模式探析

随着人口老龄化的发展,老年人的社会保障问题日益引起关注,其中农村老年人的养老问题更显突出。本文从居住方式、经济状况、医疗状况、闲暇活动、养老方式与养老观念几个方面调查分析了农村老年人的生活状况,并以此为基础探讨了我国农村养老模式的现状与发展趋势。