CPR1000主控室可居留性设计改进

文章参照RG1.196及NUREG—0800对主控室可居留性的要求,通过对CPR1000主控室可居留性系统的分析研究,针对其可居留区域范围过大、微正压无法平稳维持、应急通风系统不独立等问题,提出改进方案,确保在事故工况下主控室的可居留性。     

农村留守儿童教育探析

近年来,伴随着我国城市化进程的加快和各项建设的开展,由于各种原因不能跟随出外打工的父母进城而留在农村的农村儿童越来越多。文章通过分析我国留守儿童的现状,提出几点关于留守儿童教育的建议和实践经验。     

黄祁高速公路互通式立交设计

黄山至祁门高速公路地处皖南山区,地形条件复杂,本文就本项目六座出入口型立交的设计情况简要总结了山区高速公路立交设计的一些重点问题。     

Regional Innovation By Networking the case of southern Lower Austria

The crisis of old industrial areas has often been explained by the dominance of a few traditional industries that faced dramatic decreases in demand. For at least two reasons this demand-side explanation is inadequate. First, it does not answer the question of why there is no regional redeployment of the productive resources that are set free by the decreases in demand. Second, it is not just a few traditional industries that are affected by crisis. Even high-tech inldustries and the service sector are growing at below-average rates in old industrial areas. This article stresses the importance of specific interfirm and interindustry linkages for understanding the crisis of old industrial areas. It presents attempts to stimulate interfirm cooperation and to create an innovation support network to overcome the crisis of an old industrial area in Austria. x     

Self-employment and job generation in metropolitan areas, 1969–2009

Many regional development policy initiatives assume that entrepreneurial activities promote economic growth. Empirical research has presented rationale for this argument showing that small firms create proportionally more new jobs than large firms. However, little research has been performed on the issue of net job generation at the urban level, particularly when self-employment is considered as an indicator of entrepreneurial activities. This paper investigates to what extent US metropolitan areas in the 1969–2009 period characterized by relatively high rates of self-employment also have shown relatively high rates of subsequent total employment growth. The analysis corrects for the influence of sectoral composition, wage level, educational attainment, presence of research universities and size of the metropolitan area to measure the extent to which the number and quality of self-employed in a region contribute to total employment growth. It finds the relationship between self-employment rates and subsequent total employment growth to be positive on average during the 40-year period but to weaken over time.     

Visitor Management in Protected Areas: From ‘Hard’ to ‘Soft’ Approaches?

Historically, visitor management in protected areas has been concerned largely with visitor impacts and emphasis has been placed on managing negative impacts. This has involved controlling visitor numbers, attempting to modify visitor behaviour and also modifying the resource. These approaches can be divided into ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ categories (Ling Kuo, 2002). ‘Hard’ visitor management approaches involve physical management, regulatory management and economic management. ‘Soft’ approaches make use of education and interpretation. While the approach of managing impacts has its merits, and has met with some success, it has tended to assume that the visitor is ‘guilty until proven innocent’ (Mason, 2002). Such an approach has also tended to ignore the role of visitor experience in relation to visitor management. This paper critically evaluates a number of ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ approaches to visitor management, focusing specifically on interpretation and codes of conduct in protected natural areas in New Zealand, Australia and Antarctica. It argues that the traditional approach of managing visitor impacts should be supported by a far greater emphasis on managing visitor experience. It proposes that placing emphasis on managing visitor experience should allow a more holistic perspective to be employed, in which the visitor can be put within a context that includes both the destination community and the environment visited. Such an approach, it is argued, should not only lead to better informed and behaved visitors, but a reduction in negative visitor impacts.     

Economic and environmental concerns in planning recyclable waste collection systems

This paper addresses the planning of recyclable waste collection systems while accounting for economic and environmental concerns. Service areas and vehicle routes are defined for logistics networks with multiple depots where different products are collected. The problem is modeled as a multi-product, multi-depot vehicle routing problem with two objective functions: distance and CO₂ emissions minimization. A decomposition solution method is developed and applied to a real case study. Six scenarios regarding different service areas and objective functions are studied. Savings of up to 22% in distance and 27% in CO₂ emissions are achieved, exceeding economic and environmental goals.     

论统筹城乡背景下农村经济的国家干预

国家与市场在经济发展中,在社会资源的配置上交替发挥着重要作用。国家干预农村经济源于农村市场失灵,国家干预过程中由于政府的有限理性会导致干预的失灵。统筹城乡背景下的农村经济国家干预应是适度的干预,包括干预受体的有限性,干预领域的合理性以及干预程度的恰当性。     

Defining and monitoring the quality of shared-use transportation facilities in parks and recreation areas

Transportation networks in parks and recreation areas provide travelers recreation opportunities and often support multiple transportation modes (e.g., hiking, walking, biking). In recreation areas, the quality of transportation service may be monitored and evaluated differently than in traditional transportation contexts. However, few studies have examined approaches for defining and monitoring the quality of transportation service and recreation experiences. This study applies traffic monitoring models to monitor (1) the quality of transportation service through the Levels of Service (LOS) framework and (2) travelers’ recreation experiences through the indicators and standards framework simultaneously on the Burlington Bike Path (BBP), a typical shared-use transportation recreation facility in Vermont. Results identify the temporal pattern of visitors use and the mode splits between cyclists and pedestrians. Moreover, study results show that the majority of travelers use the BBP for recreation or mixed purpose of recreation and commute. Study results build quantitative relationships between LOS and indicators and standards of quality that will help inform management of transportation in the context of recreation. The indicators and standards framework can help define the thresholds of acceptable levels of transportation service through the LOS framework. The relationships between LOS and the indicators and standards framework help build a robust and fully parameterized transportation planning and management framework for parks and recreation areas. Study results suggest quantitative guidelines that can be used to evaluate and monitor the quality of transportation performance for shared-use paths in parks and recreation areas.     

论我国农民专业合作社的规范发展

近年来我国农民合作社发展迅猛,但其中有很多合作社不够规范。主要原因在于一些地方政府片面追求数量的政绩观、对农民的合作思想教育不够,以及农民合作经营人才的缺乏等。为了促进农民专业合作社的规范发展,政府对农民专业合作社的指导应当坚持科学发展观,深入农村,通过典型示范加强对农民合作思想的教育,培训合作经营人才,引导农民严格遵守农民专业合作社法,规范发展合作社,并对违法者严格追究法律责任。