“十城千辆”示范工程政策与效果比较研究

文章以中国自“十城千辆”示范工程开展以来发展较为成功的几个重要城市：北京、上海、深圳等为研究对象,对比几个典型城市新能源公交车的现行政策,从技术和实际运营数量来研究和分析政策效果,在此基础上,讨论了油价对新能源汽车产业发展的影响以及政策的有效性问题。研究表明,政府的政策对中国新能源公交车的发展起到了重要作用并且汽油价格的上升也将为新能源公交车提供更广阔的空间,但政府政策在明确技术方向、探索商业模式以及政策的明晰程度等方面还有较大的提升空间。     

探究新能源汽车采用的“态度-行动缺口

对于新能源汽车,中外消费者普遍存在着“态度-行动缺口”.虽然我国消费者对新能源汽车兴趣较高,然而市场反应仍十分冷淡.本研究基于调查和访谈的研究结果,结合二手数据的分析,对我国消费者新能源汽车采用的“态度-行动缺口”以及隐含在背后的因素进行了探析,并提出了推进我国新能源汽车早期采用的对策建议.     

当前美国混合动力汽车产业现状及我国的对策

近年来新能源汽车产业成为世界各国关注的焦点,混合动力汽车作为新能源汽车产业发展的重要方向之一,受到前所未有的重视,我国混合动力汽车产业的发展也正方兴未艾。文章首先在实证研究的基础上分析了近3年来美国混合动力汽车产业的发展现状与产业格局;进而从企业微观与政府宏观层面分析了当前美国混合动力汽车产业发展中存在的诸多问题;然后针对美国混合动力汽车产业当前存在的问题,着重为我国汽车企业提出了大力发展自主品牌,积极开展与国外汽车企业合资合作等政策与建议;最后阐明我国政府当前应以混合动力汽车的技术路径与产业方向作为近、中期新能源汽车发展战略的首选这一立场与观点。     

Locating road-vehicle refueling stations

This study follows the concept of set cover for proposing a refueling-station-location model using a mixed integer programming method, based on vehicle-routing logics. Its solution uses only the easy-obtain data of the origin-destination distance matrix. A case study that focuses on the siting of refueling stations for achieving multiple origin-destination intercity travel via electric vehicles on Taiwan demonstrates the applicability of the model. Sensitivity analysis shows that greater vehicle range will result in a lower number of refueling stations that need to be sited. Range is crucial in reducing the facility-location costs, and therefore is an important issue in the development of alternative-fuel-vehicle technology.     

电动汽车充换电设施工程项目评价指标体系与评价方法

参照世界银行及国家政府部门普遍采用的评价指标体系设计准则——sMART准则,基于项目技术性、经济性、社会性及实用性,构建了一套电动汽车充换电设施工程项目评价指标体系;根据评价指标体系的多维度、多层次等特点,提出了充换电设施工程项目的评价方法,并以此评价方法对试点工程进行了成效分析和评价,结果表明：该评价指标体系和评价方法可为试点工程的推广应用提供依据,为优化电动汽车充换电设施建设提供参考。     

德国电动汽车发展动态分析

德国是全球率先提出电动汽车国家发展计划的国家之一,其政府和产业界建立的合作机制对其他国家具有借鉴意义。在介绍德国电动汽车产业最新动态基础上,着重分析了德国政府所起的作用及下一步行动,总结了德国电动汽车产业发展的主要特点,并提出了促进我国电动汽车产业发展的相关建议。     

A multi-level perspective on the introduction of hydrogen and battery-electric vehicles

Alternative vehicles powered by electricity or hydrogen hold the potential to solve a number of challenges that relate to automobile use, such as climate change, deterioration of local air quality, security of energy supply, and high fuel prices. This article addresses the question as to how a transition to vehicles powered by hydrogen or electricity could take place. Recognizing that transitions result from joint development of technology and society, a co-evolutionary, multi-level perspective is adopted. The perspective is used to analyze the dynamics of the relationship between car manufacturers and consumers and developments that put pressure on this relationship. Building on the analysis, two sets of scenarios for a transition to battery-electric and fuel cell vehicles are identified. In one set of scenarios, tightening emissions regulation stimulates carmakers to scale up experiments with alternative vehicles, moving them into the commercialization phase. In the other set, rising fuel prices prompt carmakers to first extend their current product line-up with plug-in versions, and later with battery-electric and fuel cell vehicles. The two scenarios have different implications for the actors involved and for the requisite supporting infrastructure.     

European response to issues in recycling car plastics

This paper discusses the issue of recycling of plastics in the automobile industry which has gained importance due to the proposed European Commission regulation on End-of-Life Vehicles (ELVs) where the EC sets targets on the percent recyclablity or reusability of a car by the year 2015. This proposed regulation puts pressure on the car manufacturers to increase the recyclable and/or reusable components of their product. Plastic poses a critical challenge as on one hand it is necessary to meet the customer demands related to esthetics, light weight and the technological advantages, while on the other hand it is a hurdle in achieving a higher percent recyclability of the ELVs.A closer look on this issue from Europe is necessary as it is expected to set the trend in car recycling regulations all over the world. However, there are many related economic issues that have to be kept in mind while thinking of recycling of plastics (or other components) from ELVs. Tough regulations may not have the solution to the environmental question as the issue has ramifications outside the automotive industry and outside Europe.The significance of plastics in the automotive industry, the proposed ELV directive from the EC and the economic effects of the same, along with the future concerns is discussed here. Further, the paper takes a brief look at the environment in the Indian sub-continent which is considered an emerging market and is flooded with car manufacturers from all over the world, and where issues like recycling are still to attract the attention of the government and the local population.     

Economic issues in recycling end-of-life vehicles

This research paper evolves from problems related to the environment as the result of today's product-based society and especially the end-of-life management of cars. The purpose is to identify key elements in car-scrapping approaches with the potential to meet the following three goals:

• containing the environmental damage from end-of-life cars,

• improvement of current end-of-life car management from an environmental and resource utilization standpoint, and

• fostering manufacturing of scrap-adapted/recycled cars.

An attempt is made to analyze how financial resources could be organized for the ELV recycling system. A few suggestions have been made in order to foster attainment of the above-mentioned goals through an extended producer responsibility through requisite market oriented financial support.In short, this paper takes a look at the economic feasibility and ingredients for success of a market for recyclables. It lays emphasis on some kind of transparency at the economic and technical levels.     

浅议轨道车发动机冒黑烟问题原因及解决方案

文章论述了轨道车发动机冒黑烟问题的原因以及检查方法和解决方案。