动态竞争环境下战略管理的分析框架

从外部环境用内部因素的关注、从静态资源到动态能力的分析,动态竞争理论将战略研究的重点转向企业间的竞争互动,注重企业战略管理过程中的行为特征;强调企业战略管理过程中互动的动态特征。互动性、层次性、合作性及其柔性构成了战略管理的重要特征,这为企业在动态环境下构建持续竞争优势提供了一个新的战略思维模式。     

基于系统动力学与DEA的企业技术创新项目效率评价方法研究

本文综合考虑项目层和企业组织层影响因素,提出企业技术创新项目效率综合评价方法。首先分析组织层与项目层的影响因素;然后,构建涵盖项目层和组织层影响因素的两层次系统动力学仿真模型,为所建立的数据包络分析模型提供仿真值,有效解决数据包络分析模型中定性变量的量化;最后,以国内纺织业某大型集团公司多项技改项目为例,验证建模思路与方法的正确性。研究成果对于企业技术创新项目的有效管理具有指导意义。     

企业动态能力的理论架构与构成要素

从20世纪90年代后期起,"动态能力观"成为了学术界探讨的热点课题。组织经济学家、战略管理学家和组织理论学家们站在各自不同的立场上对这一问题与现象的研究,可谓百花齐放、百家争鸣。不同的学术流派在不同的范式基础上阐述动态能力的内涵、理论架构和构成要素,极大地促进了动态能力观的概念发展、理论积累和实践创新。本文归纳了动态能力的理论架构.并用模糊聚类分析法对过去10年间有关动态能力观研究成果进行了理论分维。揭示出动态能力的构成要素。     

基于DLNS-DSVDD的故障检测方法

为了解决支持向量数据描述方法对多模态动态过程故障检测率低的问题,提出了基于双局部近邻标准化的动态支持向量数据描述的故障检测方法。首先,应用DLNS方法标准化样本生成标准数据集;其次,利用动态方法将标准数据集构造成动态矩阵;最后,使用SVDD方法建立基于空间距离的统计量进行故障检测,应用DLNS-DSVDD方法对一个数值例子和田纳西-伊斯曼过程(TE过程)进行仿真测试,并与传统方法对比分析。结果表明,DLNS-DSVDD方法在具有更低的误报率的前提下拥有更高的故障检测率,平均误报率为2.2%,相比于SVDD方法降低了2.1%,平均故障检测率为88.2%,相比于SVDD方法提高了38.5%,证明了所提出的方法可以有效地监控具有多模态动态特征的化工生产过程。DLNS-DSVDD方法可以有效地剔除数据的多模态结构并且准确地捕获样本中的动态信息,为提高SVDD方法在多模态动态过程中的故障检测性能提供了参考。     

The Cyclical Reaction of Fiscal Policies in the Euro Area: The Role of Modelling Choices and Data Vintages*

We survey the recent empirical literature concerning the cyclical response of fiscal policies in the euro area, finding large differences in results. We show that these differences are heavily influenced by the choices made in modelling fiscal behaviour. We make a case for the use, in assessing policies and in the EMU context, of the standard modelling choice where the discretionary reaction of fiscal policy is directly estimated. Models where the overall reaction to the cycle – which includes the effects of both discretionary actions and automatic stabilisers – is directly estimated tend to suggest either strong pro‐cyclical or strong counter‐cyclical discretionary reactions, depending on how this component is identified. Within the standard model and for the years 1994 to 2008, we show that results are significantly affected by the data vintage (ex post or real‐time). With ex post data, we find an unambiguous indication of a‐cyclicality. Using real‐time data, we find that the output gap matters. However, depending on whether we assess policy intentions or actual policies, euro‐area governments' behaviour radically changes. A plausible interpretation is that in the implementation phase, governments loosen their fiscal stance, giving in to political pressures that are proportional to the scale of the economic difficulties in bad times and the size of the ‘growth dividend’ in good times.     

G310国道加宽改建差异沉降分析与处理技术

结合G310国道旧路加宽改建工程施工初期探索,阐述了加宽工程新、旧路基沉降的主要影响因素、分析沉降变形机理及主要防治控制技术措施,分析了加宽路基沉降计算方法及沉降动态观测要求。     

和谐管理——企业发展的必由之路

科学发展,共建和谐是时代的主题。人本管理的核心是人与管理,实现人和管理的基本方式是科学地实施好和谐管理系统工程。建立一整套完善的管理机制和环境,让每一个员工处于自动自发状态,激励员工奋发向上、励精图治,使企业实现又好又快的发展。当代企业和谐管理理论具有丰富的思想内涵,是建立完善科学的管理理念的重要理论基础。     

城乡统筹发展的动力机制和关键内容研究述评

2003年,十六届三中全会明确提出以＂统筹城乡发展＂为首的＂五个统筹＂的战略思路,标志着我国进入城乡统筹发展的探索阶段。在此背景下,各级政府纷纷开展城乡统筹发展的规划实践。但目前,关于城乡统筹发展的深层动力机制仍不明确,一定程度上使得规划实践具有盲目性,具体表现为统筹内容的重点不明,统筹实践依旧延续过去城市发展优先的模式,统筹规划被当作＂霸占＂农村土地的＂合法＂手段,严重偏离城乡统筹发展的初衷。为此,学界开展了广泛的研究,旨在从不同视角综述统筹发展动力机制的研究现状,并从基本内容和关键内容两个层次讨论统筹发展的内容,为地方政府编制城乡统筹规划,确实推进城乡统筹发展提供相应的决策依据。     

Pollution and informal economy

In this study, we investigate the relationship between the size of the informal economy and the level of environmental pollution/energy use. To this end, we first use different indicators of environmental pollution along with a measure of energy use intensity in a panel dataset consisting of 152 countries over the period 1999–2009 and empirically examine the relationship between pollution and the shadow economy. The estimation results show that there is an inverse-U relationship between the size of the informal economy and environmental pollution, that is, small and large sizes of the informal economy are associated with lower environmental pollution and medium levels of informality are associated with higher levels of environmental pollution. Next, we build a two sector dynamic general equilibrium model to suggest an economic mechanism for this observation. Our model identifies two channels through which informality might affect environmental pollution: The scale effect, whereby a larger (smaller) informal economy size is associated with a lower (higher) level of environmental pollution, and the deregulation effect, whereby a larger (smaller) informal economy is associated with higher (lower) pollution levels. As these two effects work in opposite directions, the changing relative strength of one with respect to the informal sector size creates the inverted-U relationship between pollution indicators and informality.     

Financial constraints and corporate investments during the current financial and economic crisis: The credit crunch and investment decisions of Slovenian firms

We investigate the effect of financial constraints on the investment decisions of Slovenian firms during the current financial and economic crisis. By estimating the error-correction model and the Euler-equation specification, we found that corporate investments were significantly affected by financial constraints during the crisis. The effect of financial constraints intensified in 2009 and alleviated slightly in 2010, although still being significantly more intense than before the crisis hit the economy. By estimating a switching regression model with unknown sample separation that enabled us to address the problem of judgemental sample separation, we were also able to estimate the error-correction model separately for financially constrained and financially unconstrained firms. The results indicate that financial constraints have a significant effect on both financially constrained and financially unconstrained firms, although corporate investments were more severely affected in financially constrained firms.