Disaster‐Relief Logistics With Limited Fuel Supply

Disaster‐relief logistics consists of providing adequate emergency supplies rapidly to the affected people so as to minimize human suffering and death. This study empirically examines the impact that the shortage of fuel, a commonly encountered problem in many disaster situations, can have on the effectiveness of disaster‐relief logistics operations. We focus on investigating the following two issues: (1) whether the shortage of fuel is more damaging in attaining logistical goals than the equivalent‐sized shortage in emergency supplies themselves, and (2) what types of vehicles should be used when the fuel supply is limited. Results suggest that the shortage of fuel may be more damaging than the shortage of emergency supplies, and that smaller trucks may be preferred to larger trucks when the shortage of fuel becomes severe.     

Perceptions of pre-service teachers on seismic risk and their implications for science education: a comparative study between Spain and Portugal

Abstract

This study investigated the importance given by two groups of pre-service teachers of primary education from Spain and Portugal to seismic risk in a framework of different natural risks, both in personal terms and as future teachers. A questionnaire was used for data collection. Some questions about the seismic phenomenon were also included. The sample groups consisted of 110 students from an institution in Spain and 121 from one in Portugal. Both institutions are in cities affected by the historic Lisbon earthquake of 1755. The results showed that the risk of forest fire was the first choice for classroom study in both cases. The Spanish group was also more focused on the importance of other risks like flood and drought. The Portuguese group showed a greater concern with seismic risk, frequently referring to their own historic earthquake of 1755. A few gaps in knowledge concerning earthquake prediction and comparing seismic risk in different regions of their own countries were also found. In accordance with the results, it is suggested that training courses for primary school teachers should include Disaster Risk Education in Science Education for a better understanding of the impact of various hazards and a greater concern with seismic risk due to its particular features, especially in regions where the seismic pattern is characterized by long seismic cycles with major earthquake episodes.     

从汶川地震谈建筑结构设计

建筑结构关系到建筑的坚固程度,是建筑质量的保障。每一个设计人员都应该引起足够重视。在设计工作中设计人员切实贯彻抗震规范的相关内容,保证结构方案的合理性和图纸的规范性。本文结合汶川大地震一些具体事例对建筑砌体结构设计进行进一步探讨。     

Earthquake effects on tourism in central Italy

This paper proposes an approach to economic assessment of the impact on tourist flows of the earthquake that hit the Umbria region in Central Italy on September 26, 1997. Local arrivals in Assisi fell drastically the month following the main shock, compared to the same month of the previous year. The event study methodology, frequently applied in finance, is employed to evaluate the statistical relevance of the shock over time and space. A further and straightforward application of the event study analysis assesses the substantial amount of loss between October 1997 and June 1998 due to the drop of tourism business.     

数字图书馆容灾系统的分析与构建

在高校数字图书馆建设过程中，如何充分利用资源优势，建设符合高校图书馆的数据容灾系统，从而提高数字图书馆信息化应用的服务水平。本文针对数字图书馆容灾的现状和存在的主要问题，分析了数字图书馆数据灾难的种类和容灾技术的基本原理，提出了相应的容灾解决方案。     

“资源劫难”假说的实证检验及政策启示

世界许多资源型国家的发展实践显示，自然禀赋与一些国家或地区的经济增长之间存在显著的负相关关系，由此形成所谓的“资源劫难”假说。从中心-外围论、贸易条件恶化论、荷兰病到资源诅咒论等也均揭示出资源禀赋与经济发展之间的悖论。本文以此现实问题为背景，在分析相关理论的基础上，深入讨论了资源劫难或诅咒的成因，并以中国煤炭资源大省山西为例进行验证，进而提出了相应的对策建议。     

显示设备固定结构在高铁既有站的应用研究

研究一种高铁既有车站站台层的L ED显示设备安装固定结构的应用.这种抱柱式站台显示屏固定结构通过将L ED显示屏固定于站台层两支撑立柱之间,解决了高铁线路中一些老式铁路既有车站运行班次多、运营状态不允许长时间站台施工和不能破坏站台钢筋混凝土结构的问题.基于三维建模和数值仿真对这种设备固定结构进行一系列静力学结构分析,包括在极端工况环境下的静态应力、应变和位移分析,结果安全有效,安装作业符合现场施工要求,实现了此类高铁既有站站台结构上L ED显示设备的安装和使用.为了研究这种抱柱式站台显示屏固定结构的工作可靠性,应用数值分析软件对结构模型进行预应力模态分析,在风荷载作用下分析各阶频率下结构的变形程度以及对地震灾害的预防影响,从而验证了这种L ED显示设备固定结构在铁路信息显示技术上,特别是在高铁既有车站上应用的有效性及其应用价值.     

Agricultural disaster payments in the southeastern US: do weather and climate variability matter?

Governments around the world are forced to react to disasters caused by weather. The agricultural sector is particularly susceptible to weather extremes and adverse climate conditions. In the US, agricultural disaster payments account for a significant part of total agricultural subsidies. The payments, and their distribution, are more important in the areas most affected by disastrous weather events, usually coinciding with areas of pronounced impact of the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). In this article, the impact of weather and climate, as well as some economic variables, on disaster payments is analysed using county level data from four states in the southeastern United States. The results suggest that weather and climate variables explain most of the crop disaster payments at the county level while socioeconomic variables do not, suggesting that advancements in weather and climate forecasts could be helpful in planning for disaster compensation.     

汶川大地震后社会工作实务研究——以四川团省委的灾区社工为例

汶川大地震后社会工作的力量得到彰显与成长,四川团省委率先建立“12355李家杰珍惜生命心理热线社工服务队”,以承接灾区服务工作.灾区社会工作者如何实施具体实务,实施效果如何,面临的困境以及灾民是否接受这种全新的服务形式等,都是值得探究的问题,也是社会工作本土化过程中一笔宝贵的经验财富.