经济全球化、中国收入分配与“人口红利陷阱”

文章从经济全球化影响中国收入分配的各个层面入手,通过数理推导和实证分析探讨了贸易全球化、生产与投资的全球化、金融深化、科技进步、教育水平等对中国国内收入分配的影响。结果发现,贸易全球化短期内会加剧中国的收入差距,原因可归结为人口红利陷阱,但长期内将有助于缩小中国的收入差距;生产与投资的全球化也会扩大收入差距,而金融发展与深化对中国收入分配差距的影响最大;技术进步、受教育程度提高和劳动力由低阶部门向高阶部门的转移则能在一定程度上缓解收入差距过大。     

京津冀协同发展背景下的金融聚集与经济收敛——京津冀城市群与长三角城市群的对比分析

利用2000—2014年京津冀城市群和长三角城市群的38个城市的空间面板数据,从金融聚集和经济收敛的视角,探讨了京津冀城市群的经济和金融发展失衡的深层次原因以及一体化背景下的协同发展路径,并将京津冀城市群和长三角城市群进行了对比分析。结果表明:两城市群的经济和金融呈不同的空间辐射模式;具体而言,京津冀城市群的金融效率和金融规模存在显著的σ收敛和β收敛,但是经济增长的σ收敛和β收敛不仅未呈现出趋同效应,反而表现出发散特征,表明河北在信贷投入不足的情况下仍存在严重的金融资源流失现象,金融对当地经济贡献微弱;与之形成鲜明对比的是,长三角城市群的金融效率和金融规模的σ收敛呈发散趋势,但其β收敛和经济增长的σ收敛和β收敛均呈现出趋同效应,表明长三角城市群金融聚集的溢出效应促进了邻近区域的经济增长。     

Stuck in the Middle: Off-Farm Employment and Caregiving Among Middle-Aged Rural Chinese

ABSTRACT

Using the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2011–12 baseline data, this contribution explores to what extent taking care of grandchildren and frail parents influences rural middle-aged Chinese adults’ off-farm employment. The findings show that, conditional on socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, taking care of grandchildren has a negative effect on rural middle-aged men's and women's off-farm job participation and hours worked. Caregiving for parents does not have the same negative effects on off-farm employment and hours worked. Furthermore, the study finds that annual earnings are also negatively affected by caregiving responsibilities, especially for women and men taking care of grandchildren.     

Environmental–Economic Accounting: Progress and Digression in the SEEA Revisions

The 1992 Earth Summit and its message of sustainable development drove the launching of a System for integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting, the SEEA. Since then, sustainable development and the SEEA have given way to green growth and green economy indicators in the latest 2012 Summit. A lengthy revision process has now produced a curtailed “SEEA central framework.” The new framework focuses on expenditures for environmental protection and resource management, and stocks and flows of “economic” resources; both are covered by the conventional national accounts. Environmental degradation, notably from pollution, is left to “experimental” ecosystem accounts. Further revision of the SEEA should reverse this retrenchment from integrative environmental–economic accounting. A comprehensive satellite system, rather than a limited statistical standard, might put the SEEA back on the policy agenda.     

传统贸易、增加值贸易与国际经济周期联动

随着国际分工格局发生了从产业间分工到产业内分工再到全球价值链分工的重大转型,增加值贸易相较于传统贸易在经济周期传导中的作用得到显著提升。本文首先基于国际经济周期理论,在两国和三国框架下从理论上分析增加值贸易和传统贸易在传导经济周期中的异质性作用,然后基于国家层面采用2000—2014年的世界投入产出数据进行实证检验。研究结果表明,增加值贸易对经济周期联动性具有显著且稳健的正向影响,而传统贸易的作用并不显著。这一结论印证了理论分析结果,即随着全球价值链分工模式的不断深入,增加值贸易逐渐替代传统贸易成为国际经济周期传导的核心贸易渠道。这为中国应对贸易保护和规避国际经济周期波动的传导风险,构建新发展格局,实现中国经济稳态发展提供了重要的政策参考。     

Does the Connectivity of the Belt and Road Initiative Contribute to the Economic Growth of the Belt and Road Countries?

ABSTRACT

Since the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has been implemented for five years, it is time to ask whether the BRI contributes to Belt and Road (BR) countries’ economic growth, and how are the five elements of connectivity implemented between China and its partner countries since the BRI was proposed. This study focuses on the development of the five elements of connectivity between China and the BR countries from 2008 to 2017 using a comprehensive connectivity index extracted from principle component analysis, and then investigating if the connectivity has contributed to the economic growth of the BR countries with quantitative analysis of the fixed effect econometrical model. It is found that Russia, South Korea, and Singapore presented the top three levels of connectivity with China with regard to the overall connectivity index, varying from 1.4 to 2.4. Madagascar and Panama have the lowest level of connectivity with China, with values of ?0.8 to ?1.1. The result of the fixed effect model shows that the connectivity of the BR countries with China contributes to their economic growth. This provides quantitative evidence that the connectivity between BR countries and China has a significant influence on the economic growth of those countries.     

气候变化下湖北省稻谷生长期降雨量指数保险设计

[目的]气候变化对我国粮食生产造成巨大损失,传统农业保险存在较多问题,天气指数农业保险作为金融创新工具,成为转移农业天气风险的有力路径。[方法]文章在分析降雨量指数保险合约设计思路的基础上,依照天气指数保险合约定义,选取稻谷生长期每日降水的累积降雨量作为天气指标,采用经济—气候模型和湖北省78个县市的面板数据,按风险区域分别设计了干旱指数保险合约和暴雨灾害指数保险合约。[结果]虽然湖北省全省累积降水的影响总体是负向的,但累积降水量对稻谷单产在十堰、襄阳等干旱区域的边际影响是正向的、显著的,累积降水量在暴雨集中区域江汉平原地区、咸宁市及辖内县市,有着显著的负向影响。[结论]气候变化对粮食生产的影响显著,根据面板数据的估计结果,有必要按不同的风险区域分别设计天气指数保险合约。该文的研究在天气指数保险设计方面做出了一定的探索,进一步使天气指数保险合约成为转移农业天气风险的有力创新工具。     

国有商业银行引入经济资本管理研究

资本管理是商业银行经营管理中最重要的一个部分。本文从资本管理的产生、发展和意义分析入手,运用经济资本管理的理念和方法,对当前国有商业银行经营管理中值得注意的问题进行了深入分析,并指出:引入资本管理的具体策略应当是以经济资本管理的理念为指导,以风险调整后的资本利润率RAROC方法为手段,以监管资本的管理为切入点,力争用3～5年的时间,分阶段逐步建立和不断完善我国国有商业银行的全面风险管理机制,实现国有商业银行及其分支机构的经营管理行为与银行(或股东)价值最大化相统一。在此基础上,本文对我国国有商业银行实施经济资本管理提出了初步的操作思路。     

加快转变经济发展方式的思考与研究

只有坚持科学发展才能全面建成小康社会,而只有加快转变经济发展的方式才能做到科学发展,这是贯彻落实十八大精神和科学发展观的内在要求。加快转变经济发展方式,就必须解放思想,坚持改革开放,实施创新驱动发展战略,推动经济战略性调整,推动城乡发展一体化、实施技术进步和创新,全面提高开放型经济水平。     

黑龙江省经济增长中人力资本贡献的实证分析

一、引言 在我国改革开放的三十多年里,黑龙江省的经济有了巨大的发展,其经济总量已经突破万亿元。经有关部门的初步核算,黑龙江省在2010年全年实现国内生产总值10368．6亿元,按可比价格计算比2009年增长了12．6％。