当前公共突发事件中的政府危机处理主要存在问题探析

突发事件是一种显性社会不稳定现象,主要包括自然灾害、事故灾难、公共卫生事件、社会安全事件,具有突发性、公共性、针对性、复杂性和危害性等特点。当前,公共突发事件中的政府危机处理主要存在问题包括缺乏可行的预警机制、信息发布面临挑战、缺乏对公众进行必要和有效的教育与引导、应对公共突发事件的法律法规还不太健全。     

Potential responses by on-campus university students to a university emergency alert

University campuses across Canada and elsewhere are developing and implementing emergency alert systems to warn campus community members about a variety of threats. In this study, focus group discussions were used to examine how undergraduate students living on campus may respond to an emergency alert. A focus group activity used tornado, fire and threatening message alert messages to provide a context for the focus group discussions. After reading the warning message, most students understood the warning message but there was uncertainty about the non-specified threat and how and where to evacuate. Many would believe a message sent by the university as long as it was sent via a phone number that they associated with the university. Personalization of risk varied, and students reported that they would confirm a warning message with a variety of sources including student colleagues, faculty and teaching staff, television and internet sources. Taking protective action by sheltering in place was deemed to be feasible, however evacuation off campus was found to be problematic. We found that the nature of short message service text messages, the characteristics of universities, and the students’ home being in an on-campus residence influenced how the students may respond to an emergency alert message.     

Semi-quantitative risk assessment of groundwater resources for emergency water supply

The submitted paper proposes the possible use of integrated semi-quantitative risk assessment of groundwater resources. There are risks resulting from both natural and anthropogenic hazard sources. Activation of these types of hazard sources can cause damage to, or destruction of, particular hydrogeological structures and technological equipment of selected groundwater resources suitable for the emergency drinking water supply of the population. The process of risk assessment is based on the described register of hazards, including semi-quantitative assessment of the frequency with which the assessed sources of hazards are activated, the register of sensitivity together with the semi-quantitative sensitivity assessment of selected threatened elements of the assessed water resource and the determination of their criticality. The semi-quantitative risk assessment should become one of the important criteria for classifying groundwater resources which have been proposed for emergency water supply. The classification carried out on the basis of the above-mentioned principle can contribute to faster selection and effective use of groundwater resources, as well as to the enhancement of emergency and crisis planning systems when the public system is either damaged or destroyed.     

突发事件的农产品应急物流协调指挥系统研究

针对如何提高城市突发公共事件农产品应急物流协调指挥能力,研究了农产品应急物流协调指挥系统的总体架构和功能设计,并就如何实现突发公共事件的农产品应急物流协调指挥的功能做了初步研究,对提高农产品应急物流系统的协调性、可靠性和时效性,实施科学有效的应急决策具有重要意义。     

政府危机管理下应急机制的现状分析与对策研究

目前,我国进入社会转型的关键时期,此阶段正对应着非稳定状态的各类重大突发公共危机事件频发的阶段,给我国的经济和政治生活都带来了极大的负面影响,危及社会的稳定和发展,使得政府面对严峻的考验和挑战。我国的公共危机管理的应急机制存在着应对复合危机事件能力弱、监测预警机制不健全、信息流通不对称、第三部门参与不足等缺陷。政府必须加强危机管理能力建设,打造一个完善的应急机制体系,建立危机管理的行政问责制,构建我国应急状态法体系,全面提高我国政府应对突发事件的应急管理能力。     

河北省应急物流体系构建研究

大型自然灾害及公共危机事件会造成严重的社会影响和巨大的经济损失,应急物流体系的建设是有效预防及降低危害的措施之一。在分析河北省应急物流体系现状及存在问题的基础上,从指挥体系、物资储备、保障平台等方面构建河北省应急物流体系,并提出了相应的保障措施和政策建议。     

苏北航务处船闸应急保障中心仓储管理解决方案

文章介绍的仓储方案主要采用条码/RFID电子标签技术,结合ERP可视化数据库软件,形成一套对入库、移库、盘点、出库进行全方位和全程的可视化跟踪的条形码/RFID仓库管理系统。     

地震灾害初期应急药品的车辆调度研究

针对地震灾害初期救灾药品需求的时间紧迫性、种类复杂性等特点进行分析,研究药品配送中的车辆调度问题,建立了以时间最短为目标的单车场、多车型、多约束条件的药品配送车辆调度模型。用基于自然数编码的遗传算法对其进行求解,通过Matlab比较了不同参数对结果的影响,最终实现了该算法。从数据结果来看,得到的解是比较满意的。     

城市应急物流虚拟联合体的构建框架

针对我国城市应急物流体系的特点及其发展中存在的问题,提出了一种基于应急物流虚拟联合体的、包括城市应急物流管理中心、应急物流中心、应急物资基层发放点在内的多级结构的协同运作模式,构建了一种面向应急物流虚拟联合体的智能化多级协作信息平台模型以提供技术支撑,并对该平台中主要子系统的功能结构进行了阐述,论证了其可行性。最后对信息平台建设中的注意事项进行了研究。     

装甲装备器材保障应急物流初探

对装甲装备器材保障应急物流概念内涵、基本特征、保障环节、主要职能、建设内容等理论问题进行了初步研究探讨,旨在为我军构建科学、合理的装甲装备器材保障应急物流体系提供理论参考。