基于物元可拓的军地协同处置重大突发事件应急管理

为解决重大突发事件应急管理能力评价问题,将军队和地方政府协同处置重大突发事件作为研究对象,根据应急管理全生命周期的发展阶段,建立能力评价指标体系。再将熵权法和物元可拓学理论运用于军地协同处置重大突发事件应急管理能力评价模型。然后将上海、深圳、天津、成都、昆明的相关数据代入模型并计算。结果表明,上海和成都军地协同处置重大突发事件应急管理能力较其他城市更具有优势,并由爬虫数据验证该模型的可靠性和计算结果的准确性。最后从应急准备、组织协调、应急响应、应急保障、灾后重建5个方面提出建议,以期为当地军地应急管理建设做出贡献。     

基于改进蚁群算法的应急物流中心选址问题研究

针对灾情等级不确定情况下应急物流的特点,本文利用不确定理论的相关方法,就应急物流中转站选址问题进行了相关分析和研究,构建了适应于应急物流特性的中心选址模型。最后进行仿真实例,利用改进蚁群算法求解模型,并得出相关结论。     

面向应急指挥过程的智能决策方案分析研究

面向应急指挥过程的智能决策系统既能发挥计算机迅速处理突发事件的优势,更主要的是根据人工智能中案例推理方法对历史案例进行检索和适配,找出最匹配的预案知识,制定出应急方法。本文针对某城市一高新科技园区内发生的各种公共事件进行应急处置,提供一体化综合应急调度平台。当园区出现应急事件时,平台能够提供快速响应,并触发相应的应急预案流程。     

基于时间满意的应急物资运输模型与算法

根据应急抢险救灾物资需求时效性强的特点,定义了考虑时间因素和需要量满足程度的时间满意度函数,建立时间满意的多目标应急物资运输问题的数学模型。针对数学模型,设计了序贯式算法,并利用LINGO软件编制程序进行了求解。最后通过一个实例验证了数学模型的科学性和算法的有效性。     

震后模糊道路破损率条件下应急物资调配研究

应急物资调配是应急物流系统重要研究问题之一,直接关系到应急物流活动的成败。考虑到灾后运输道路破损率不能立即确定,构建了道路破损率与物资需求量为梯形模糊数的多目标应急物资调配模型。通过将其转化为具有确定系数的多目标规划模型来进行求解,并提出了求得该模型满意解的算法。最后通过算例分析说明该方法的有效性。     

“5.12”苯槽罐车泄漏突发环境事件案例分析

2012年5月2日,310国道铜山区大彭镇境内发生了一起危化品交通事故,笔者称其为"5.12危化品槽罐车泄漏突发交通事故"并亲历整个环境应急处置过程,现加以总结,提出建议,为今后处置类似事故提供参考。     

浅谈老年公寓电气设计

本文介绍了老年公寓的电气设计,阐述了负荷计算、负荷等级的确定、照明设计、配电系统的设计及接地系统的设计。弱电系统包括火灾自动报警系统、床头呼叫与紧急求助系统、视频监控系统、综合布线系统和有线电视系统。     

突发事件下的车辆路径问题研究综述

车辆路径问题是物流管理研究中的一项重要内容。概述突发事件下车辆路径问题研究的背景和意义,介绍车辆路径问题的衍化分类,针对突发事件下车辆路径问题的特点,综述国内外研究现状。重点探讨突发事件下车辆路径问题的研究范围和前景。     

Ambulance response time in a Brazilian emergency medical service

Research efforts on ambulance response times for Emergency Medical Services (EMS) calls have been made for decades, especially in developed countries, using different techniques and with varying objectives. In Brazil, a developing country, the scarce scientific production on this vital indicator prioritizes scenarios for EMS in cities with more than one million inhabitants. This shows the importance of extending research to the reality of small and medium-sized cities. This paper presents SAMU, the Brazilian EMS that follows the Franco-German emergency medicine model, compiling numbers related to service at the national level. The use of quantile regression allows the identification of the RT for the EMS and helps to explain the effects of factors at the system level, at the patient level, and specific factors on response time intervals of Southwest Paraná SAMU. This specific EMS, characterized as an inter-municipal consortium of prehospital services, is responsible for prehospital emergency care for an approximate population of 635,000 inhabitants in 42 small towns in the State of Paraná in southern Brazil. From the analysis of the records of 12,050 ambulance dispatches, it was possible to identify the average ambulance response time of 14 min and 25 s. The regression model was able to explain the influence of the independent variables at the system level (presumed severity of the emergency, ambulance dispatch time, and ambulance travel time), at the patient level (age, gender, and characteristic of the emergency) and specific variables of the emergency (day of the week and time of day) on the dependent variable response time over the quantiles, showing that the dispatch time, travel time, time of day, service to male patients and critical cases influence the ambulance response time. This work contributes to deepening the understanding of the management of EMS operations in a developing country, allows the comparison of the RT identified in relation to other countries, and identifies factors that impact the RT for other actors directly or indirectly involved. The practical implications are also presented, as well as how the study impacts the decision-making and management process of the EMS in the short, medium and long term.     

航站楼火灾场景下的人员疏散仿真研究

机场航站楼结构复杂，发生火灾时极易对人员的生命财产安全造成威胁。为直观了解航站楼中不同位置发生火灾时产生的烟雾对人员疏散的影响，建立航站楼到达厅与夹层通道的火灾模型与人员疏散模型，分析3种不同火源情况下各关键位置烟气的温度、CO浓度和减光系数与疏散情况。结果表明，行李转盘区与夹层通道发生火灾时烟气会弥漫整个夹层通道，影响疏散安全。在航站楼现有建筑结构下，到达口联动开启可有效缩短人员疏散时间。